Fig. 2

Mediation models for (A) some expressed breast milk and (B) all direct breast milk and total child behaviour problems. Notes: Path A are odds ratios indicating the odds of depression at 6 months (score ≥ 16) if breastfed. Path B are beta estimates indicating change in total behaviour problems score if depression score ≥ 16. Total path are beta estimates indicating the change in total behaviour problems score if breastfed. Direct path are beta estimates indicating the change in total behaviour problems score not through depression at 6 months. Indirect path are beta estimates indicating change in total behaviour problems score through depression at 6 months. Reference group for the breastfeeding practice is no breast milk at 3 months. Adjusted models in all figures and tables include the following confounders: child sex, prenatal stress, prenatal depression, study site, birth mode, birthweight, gestational age, household income, maternal education, maternal race, marital status, number of older siblings, prenatal smoking, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder genetic risk score. *p ≤ 0.05 **p ≤ 0.01