Fig. 1

Adjusted linear regression estimates between (A) breastfeeding practices, (B) postpartum depression and parent-child dysfunction and child behaviour at 5 years in the CHILD cohort study. Notes: CBCL t-scores have a mean of 50 and a SD of 10. Higher scores indicate more behaviour problems. Unadjusted and adjusted β estimates, 95% confidence intervals and p-values for Panel A can be found in Supplementary Table (1) Adjusted β estimates, 95% confidence intervals and p-values for Panel B can be found in Supplementary Table (2) Depression and parent-child dysfunction scores are dichotomized to estimate clinically significant depression and relationship dysfunction. Adjusted models in all figures and tables include the following confounders: child sex, prenatal stress, prenatal depression, study site, birth mode, birthweight, gestational age, household income, maternal education, maternal race, marital status, number of older siblings, prenatal smoking, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder genetic risk score. CBCL, Child Behaviour Checklist. Reference group for breastfeeding practices is indicated by the level 0 on Panel A. Reference group for Panel B is score < 16 for depression and < 20 for parent-child relationship dysfunction