Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|
Sleep duration (h), n (%) | Sleep deprivation | 7506 (75.41) |
| Â | Adequate sleep | 2447 (24.59) |
Age (years), n (%) | 7–14 | 6329 (63.81) |
|  | > 14 | 3589 (36.19) |
Gender, n (%) | Male | 4966 (49.89) |
| Â | Female | 4987 (50.11) |
Education level, n (%) | Middle school | 6838 (68.70) |
| Â | High school | 3115 (31.30) |
Family economic status, n (%) | Lowest | 360 (3.62) |
| Â | Lower-Middle | 1195 (12.01) |
| Â | Middle | 7634 (76.70) |
| Â | Upper-Middle | 589 (5.92) |
| Â | Highest | 175 (1.76) |
Self-reported health status, n (%) | Excellent | 2393 (24.04) |
| Â | Very good | 4013 (40.32) |
| Â | Good | 2100 (21.1) |
| Â | Fair | 1304 (13.1) |
| Â | Poor | 143 (1.44) |
Ethnic groups, n (%) | Han | 9878 (99.25) |
| Â | Ethnic minorities | 75 (0.75) |
Urban area, n (%) | Ji’nan | 457 (4.59) |
| Â | Dongying | 1201 (12.07) |
| Â | Weifang | 717 (7.20) |
| Â | Jining | 1578 (15.85) |
| Â | Weihai | 1049 (10.54) |
| Â | Dezhou | 1547 (15.54) |
| Â | Liaocheng | 925 (9.29) |
| Â | Linyi | 1094 (10.99) |
| Â | Heze | 1385 (13.92) |
Sleep duration (h), mean ± SD |  | 8 ± 1 |
Age (years), mean ± SD |  | 14 ± 2 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD |  | 20.57 ± 4.19 |
Total quality of life, mean ± SD |  | 133 ± 22 |