Table 3 Stepping metrics by socioeconomic and health-related factors in adults aged-46 (BCS70)

Sex

(Ref: Male)

1897

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

2068

-26.89

[-251.00,197.21]

0.89^***

[0.39,1.40]

13.39^***

[10.24,16.53]

-3.16^***

[-3.63,-2.69]

-4.46^***

[-5.37,-3.54]

Highest qualification

(Ref: None)

929

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 GCSE

1231

-216.65

[-501.06,67.77]

-0.05

[-0.70,0.60]

0.78

[-3.21,4.77]

-0.05

[-0.65,0.55]

-0.25

[-1.40,0.91]

 FE

629

-137.28

[-480.97,206.41]

-0.09

[-0.87,0.69]

-1.58

[-6.40,3.24]

0.35

[-0.37,1.07]

0.29

[-1.11,1.68]

 HE

1176

343.72^*

[24.32,663.11]

0.41

[-0.31,1.14]

-8.07^***

[-12.56,-3.59]

1.42^***

[0.75,2.10]

2.13^**

[0.83,3.43]

Disability

(Ref: None)

3472

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Some extent

388

-170.99

[-543.27,201.29]

-0.03

[-0.87,0.82]

-2.95

[-8.17,2.27]

0.26

[-0.52,1.05]

0.42

[-1.09,1.94]

 Severely hampered

103

-1270.69^***

[-2018.05,-523.33]

-1.46

[-3.16,0.23]

-2.47

[-12.97,8.02]

0.49

[-1.08,2.06]

0.43

[-2.62,3.48]

Self-rated health

(Ref: Excellent)

814

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Very good

1560

-713.36^***

[-996.76,-429.95]

-1.26^***

[-1.91,-0.62]

9.38^***

[5.39,13.37]

-1.44^***

[-2.04,-0.84]

-2.85^***

[-4.00,-1.69]

 Good

1100

-1077.61^***

[-1391.10,-764.12]

-1.58^***

[-2.30,-0.86]

11.09^***

[6.67,15.52]

-1.63^***

[-2.30,-0.97]

-3.25^***

[-4.53,-1.96]

 Fair

412

-1376.50^***

[-1807.03,-945.96]

-2.14^***

[-3.12,-1.15]

14.20^***

[8.13,20.27]

-1.79^***

[-2.70,-0.88]

-3.61^***

[-5.38,-1.85]

 Poor

79

-1930.99^***

[-2791.33,-1070.65]

-2.77^**

[-4.72,-0.81]

10.21

[-1.89,22.30]

-1.66

[-3.47,0.16]

-3.35

[-6.86,0.16]

NS-SEC group

(Ref: Professional)

1996

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Intermediate

1207

86.3

[-171.06,343.67]

-1.22^***

[-1.80,-0.64]

6.48^***

[2.87,10.09]

-0.92^***

[-1.47,-0.38]

-2.06^***

[-3.11,-1.01]

 Routine

540

522.07^**

[168.06,876.09]

-1.20^**

[-2.00,-0.40]

3.24

[-1.73,8.21]

-0.26

[-1.00,0.49]

-1.02

[-2.46,0.42]

Body mass index

(Ref: 18.5 < 25)

1229

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Overweight (25 < 35)

1518

-419.58^**

[-675.23,-163.93]

-0.20

[-0.78,0.38]

-0.70

[-4.29,2.89]

0.18

[-0.36,0.72]

0.22

[-0.82,1.27]

 Obese (30 < 35)

1033

-1232.63^***

[-1518.66,-946.59]

-0.69^*

[-1.34,-0.03]

-2.46

[-6.51,1.59]

0.42

[-0.18,1.03]

0.49

[-0.68,1.67]

 Morbidly obese (≥ 35)

107

-2546.18^***

[-3203.49,-1888.87]

-1.75^*

[-3.25,-0.25]

-8.28

[-17.57,1.01]

1.33

[-0.06,2.73]

1.54

[-1.15,4.24]

 Underweight (< 18.5)

78

-1533.72^***

[-2300.48,-766.96]

-1.28

[-3.03,0.46]

-2.38

[-13.16,8.39]

0.62

[-1.00,2.24]

0.61

[-2.52,3.73]

Occupational activity

(Ref: Sitting)

2188

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Standing

627

1315.56^***

[1010.91,1620.20]

-3.53^***

[-4.23,-2.84]

28.57^***

[24.25,32.88]

-3.92^***

[-4.57,-3.27]

-7.72^***

[-8.98,-6.47]

 Physical work

965

1701.66^***

[1421.66,1981.65]

-5.83^***

[-6.47,-5.18]

35.58^***

[31.58,39.58]

-4.69^***

[-5.29,-4.09]

-9.87^***

[-11.03,-8.71]

 Heavy manual

185

2146.26^***

[1618.79,2673.73]

-8.41^***

[-9.61,-7.20]

52.40^***

[44.94,59.86]

-6.34^***

[-7.45,-5.22]

-13.71^***

[-15.87,-11.54]

Smoking habits

(Ref: Never)

2036

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Past smoker

1285

123.34

[-109.80,356.48]

-0.28

[-0.81,0.24]

0.00

[-3.27,3.28]

-0.05

[-0.54,0.44]

-0.25

[-1.20,0.70]

 Occasional smoker

181

-384.68

[-888.11,118.74]

-0.02

[-1.16,1.12]

4.27

[-2.80,11.33]

-0.78

[-1.84,0.28]

-1.11

[-3.16,0.94]

 Daily smoker

463

-908.34^***

[-1251.84,-564.84]

-1.12^**

[-1.90,-0.34]

9.14^***

[4.30,13.97]

-1.15^**

[-1.87,-0.42]

-2.04^**

[-3.44,-0.64]