Table 3 Comparison of Group 1 and Group 2 CCHD-related infant deaths in terms of some variables, Türkiye, 2018–2021

Gender

< 0.001

 Female

1782 (43.6)

40.5

48.5

 Male

2301 (56.4)

59.5

51.5

Age of mortality (day)

< 0.001

 Early neonatal (0–6)

884 (21.7)

24.7^a

17.2^b

 Late neonatal (7–28)

1238 (30.3)

33.3^a

26.1^b

 Postneonatal (29–364)

1961 (48.0)

42.1^a

56.7^b

Gestational age (w)

< 0.001

 < 37

1235 (30.2)

27.7^a

33.9^b

 ≥ 37

2846 (69.7)

72.3^a

66.0^b

 Unknown

2 (0.0)

0.0^a

0.1^a

Birth weight (gr)

< 0.001

 < 2500

1339 (32.8)

29.1^a

38.3^b

 ≥ 2500

2742 (67.2)

70.9^a

61.6^b

 Unknown

2 (0.0)

0.0^a

0.1^a

Number of fetuses in pregnancy

0.965

 Singular

3852 (94.3)

94.4

94.3

 Twin/triplet

215 (5.3)

5.2

5.3

 Unknown

16 (0.4)

0.4

0.4

Weight for gestational age

0.002

 SGA

1241 (30.4)

28.6^a

33.1^b

 AGA

2620 (62.2)

66.3^a

60.9^b

 LGA

220 (5.4)

5.1^a

5.9^a

 Unknown

2 (0.0)

0.0^a

0.1^a

Maternal age at birth (years)

< 0.001

 < 20

189 (4.6)

4.9^a

4.2^a

 20–34

2946 (72.2)

76.6^a

65.5^b

 ≥ 35

948 (23.2)

18.5^a

30.3^b

Maternal education

0.001

 Secondary school and below

2529 (61.9)

60.0^a

64.8^b

 High school and above

1453 (35.6)

37.8^a

32.4^b

 Unknown

101 (2.5)

2.2^a

2.8^a

Paternal education

0.010

 Secondary school and below

2161 (52.9)

51.5^a

55.2^b

 High school and above

1794 (43.9)

45.7^a

41.2^b

 Unknown

128 (3.1)

2.8^a

3.6^a

Number of household members

< 0.001

 ≤ 4

2886 (70.7)

73.5^a

66.4^b

 > 4

1062 (26.0)

23.7^a

29.6^b

 Unknown

135 (3.3)

2.8^a

4.0^a

Number of antenatal follow-up

< 0.001

 < 8

1816 (44.5)

42.6^a

47.2^b

 ≥ 8

2162 (53.0)

55.4^a

49.5^b

 Unknown

105 (2.6)

2.0^a

3.4^b

Consanguineous marriage

0.006

 Yes

915 (22.4)

21.6^a

23.4^a

 No

3120 (76.4)

77.6^a

74.8^b

 Unknown

48 (1.2)

0.8^a

1.8^b

History of miscarriage/stillbirth

0.002

 Yes

1233 (30.2)

28.7^a

32.5^b

 No

2802 (68.6)

70.4^a

65.9^b

 Unknown

48 (1.2)

0.9^a

1.6^b

Parity

0.002

 Nulliparity

1051 (25.7)

27.4^a

23.2^b

 Multiparity

2994 (73.3)

71.9^a

75.5^b

 Unknown

38 (0.9)

0.7^a

1.3^b

Mode of pregnancy

0.093

 Normal

3867 (94.7)

95.0

94.2

 ART

180 (4.4)

4.4

4.5

 Unknown

36 (0.9)

0.6

1.3

Mode of delivery

0.826

 Vaginal

1342 (32.9)

33.3

32.3

 Cesarean

2736 (67.0)

66.6

67.6

 Unknown

5 (0.1)

0.1

0.1

Non-cardiac anomaly/genetic disorder

< 0.001

 Yes

1067 (26.1)

16.4

40.5

 No

3016 (73.9)

83.6

59.5

Referral to another hospital

< 0.001

 Yes

1951(47.8)

50.1^a

44.4^b

 No

1970 (48.2)

47.1^a

49.9^a

 Unknown

162 (4.0)

2.8^a

5.6^b