Fig. 4

Temporally heterogeneous associations of hospital beds with influencing factors (X1-X8) during 2002–2011, using time-coefficients (TCs) estimated via the Bayesian STVC model. Influencing factors encompass a range of variables, including local general budget revenue per capita (X1), residents’ saving deposits per capita (X2), total investment in fixed assets per capita (X3), first industry output per capita (X4), GDP per capita (X5), average urban employee wage (X6), total retail sales of consumer goods per capita (X7), and nighttime light index (X8). Median (50%), narrow (25–75%), and wide (2.5–97.5%) credible intervals (CIs) are represented using varying levels of transparency