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Table 4 Associations between ln-transformed urinary phthalate metabolites and intra-twin differences in neurodevelopment (n = 97) a

From: Prenatal phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental differences in twins at 2 years of age

Phthalate metabolites

1st trimester

 

2nd trimester

 

3rd trimester

Ptri–intb

β (95% CI)

P–value

 

β (95% CI)

P–value

 

β (95% CI)

P–value

Intra-twin MDI difference

        

MEP

–0.54 (–1.48, 0.40)

0.26

 

0.07 (–0.84, 0.98)

0.89

 

–0.50 (–1.23, 0.23)

0.18

0.48

MiBP

0.38 (–0.94, 1.69)

0.57

 

0.40 (–0.83, 1.62)

0.53

 

–0.86 (–2.35, 0.64)

0.26

0.31

MBP

–0.01 (–1.32, 1.29)

0.99

 

0.17 (–0.98, 1.32)

0.77

 

–0.71 (–2.01, 0.58)

0.28

0.42

MBzP

–0.29 (–1.41, 0.83)

0.62

 

0.14 (–0.70, 0.98)

0.74

 

0.08 (–0.87, 1.04)

0.86

0.87

MEHP

0.47 (–0.50, 1.45)

0.34

 

0.41 (–0.19, 1.01)

0.18

 

–0.42 (–1.51, 0.66)

0.44

0.46

MEOHP

1.91 (0.43, 3.39)

0.01

 

0.48 (–0.77, 1.73)

0.45

 

–0.63 (–2.03, 0.76)

0.37

0.04

MEHHP

1.56 (0.33, 2.79)

0.01

 

0.53 (–0.70, 1.75)

0.40

 

–0.48 (–1.63, 0.67)

0.41

0.06

MECPP

0.73 (–0.64, 2.11)

0.30

 

0.22 (–0.84, 1.29)

0.68

 

–0.23 (–1.23, 0.78)

0.66

0.61

∑DEHP

1.85 (0.39, 3.31)

0.01

 

0.57 (–0.69, 1.83)

0.37

 

–0.53 (–1.62, 0.56)

0.34

0.06

Intra-twin PDI difference

        

MEP

0.16 (–1.54, 1.85)

0.86

 

–0.53 (–2.11, 1.05)

0.51

 

0.93 (–0.33, 2.18)

0.15

0.31

MiBP

–0.44 (–2.51, 1.62)

0.68

 

–1.33 (–3.28, 0.62)

0.18

 

0.73 (–1.79, 3.25)

0.57

0.38

MBP

0.23 (–1.86, 2.33)

0.83

 

–0.81 (–2.70, 1.08)

0.40

 

0.46 (–1.65, 2.58)

0.67

0.52

MBzP

–1.01 (–2.38, 0.36)

0.15

 

0.58 (–0.77, 1.93)

0.40

 

0.70 (–0.63, 2.04)

0.30

0.17

MEHP

0.89 (–0.19, 1.98)

0.11

 

0.18 (–0.86, 1.22)

0.74

 

0.39 (–0.75, 1.52)

0.50

0.41

MEOHP

–1.15 (–4.14, 1.84)

0.45

 

–0.04 (–2.50, 2.43)

0.98

 

1.70 (–0.81, 4.21)

0.19

0.43

MEHHP

–1.27 (–4.12, 1.58)

0.38

 

0.19 (–2.17, 2.55)

0.87

 

0.92 (–1.23, 3.07)

0.4

0.67

MECPP

–0.67 (–2.47, 1.13)

0.46

 

–0.70 (–2.59, 1.18)

0.46

 

0.47 (–1.23, 2.18)

0.59

0.60

∑DEHP

–1.38 (–4.32, 1.55)

0.36

 

0.02 (–2.32, 2.37)

0.98

 

1.10 (–0.85, 3.05)

0.27

0.53

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval
  2. a Models are adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, education, chorionicity, and sex types of twin fetuses
  3. b Score test of homogeneity of effect estimates across the three trimesters
  4. Bold format indicates significant results
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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