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Table 1 Background characteristics of participants at baseline and follow-up

From: The association of psychological distress and economic and health worries with tobacco smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal cohort study

Total

Baseline

n (%)

1-year follow-up

n (%)

2-year follow-up

n (%)

n

24,914 (100%)

17,312 (100%)

10,268 (100%)

Gender (women)

14,079 (57%)

9761 (56%)

5896 (57%)

Primary school

1856 (8%)

1076 (7%)

599 (6%)

High school

6978 (28%)

4403 (27%)

2542 (26%)

University ≤ 3 years

5948 (24%)

3954 (24%)

2333 (24%)

University > 3 years

9968 (40%)

6883 (42%)

4325 (44%)

Adjusted income (EUR) a

 0–25,000

3005(14%)

1592 (11%)

876 (10%)

 25,000–50,000

9695 (44%)

6359 (43%)

3804 (43%)

 >50,000

9485 (43%)

6797 (46%)

4205 (47%)

Persons in household

 1

5049 (21%)

3514 (22%)

2188 (23%)

 2

7864 (33%)

5442 (34%)

3384 (35%)

 3–4

8436 (35%)

5271 (33%)

3079 (32%)

 5+

2809 (12%)

1710 (11%)

935 (10%)

Employment

16,769 (67%)

10,955 (63%)

6478 (63%)

Student/school

1958 (8%)

841 (5%)

456 (4%)

Placed in quarantine

4035 (16%)

2808 (16%)

1629 (16%)

Temporarily laid-off

1845 (8%)

1078 (6%)

581 (6%)

Home office/study

12,229 (49%)

8286 (48%)

4841 (47%)

COVID-19 symptoms

1531 (6%)

987 (6%)

595 (6%)

Worries

12,634 (51%)

7979 (46%)

4613 (45%)

 Worries related to economy

4014 (16%)

2304 (13%)

1275 (12%)

 Health-related worries

10,979 (44%)

6995 (40%)

4052 (39%)

Psychological distress

4872 (20%)

2896 (17%)

1672 (16%)

Smoking

2402 (10%)

1489 (9%)

796 (8%)

PA level

 Low

5645 (25%)

3614 (24%)

2176 (24%)

 Moderate

9714 (44%)

6709 (45%)

4078 (45%)

 High

6895 (31%)

4653 (31%)

2777 (31%)

Hazardous drinking

13,117 (53%)

8742 (54%)

5212 (53%)

  1. aThe adjusted income is the household income divided by the personal index. The personal index is calculated as 1 for the first adult, 0.7 per other adult household member, and 0.5 per child. The adjusted income was converted to Euros
  2. Tables for background characteristics of participants per age group at baseline, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up separately are available in the Additional Tables 2-4