High prevalence of fatty liver and its association with metabolic syndrome among rural adults with chronic hepatitis C: Implications for primary healthcare

Table 1 Demographics characteristics of the chronic hepatitis C adults with or without moderate to severe fatty liver

Variables	Total (n = 256)	Moderate/Severe (n = 103)	None/Mild (n = 153)	P value
Demographics
Female	169 (66.0)	72 (69.9)	97 (63.4)	0.346
Age, year	67.5 ± 11.8	67.7 ± 10.8	67.4 ± 12.5	0.829
Education level, year	4.3 ± 5.0	4.0 ± 4.8	4.5 ± 5.2	0.481
Body mass index, kg/m²	25.6 ± 3.6	26.7 ± 3.6	24.9 ± 3.4	< 0.001
Substance use
Smoking	59 (23.2)	26 (25.2)	33 (21.9)	0.548
Betel nut chewing	16 (6.3)	6 (5.8)	10 (6.6)	1.000
Components of MetS
Waist circumference (WC), cm	84.1 ± 9.2	86.8 ± 8.8	82.2 ± 9.0	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	132.0 ± 17.8	134.6 ± 17.2	130.3 ± 18.0	0.061
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	75.2 ± 11.3	77.2 ± 12.3	73.8 ± 10.4	0.019
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL	105.1 ± 24.8	107.4 ± 28.3	103.6 ± 22.0	0.221
Triglyceride, mg/dL	100.1 ± 48.6	107.2 ± 53.3	95.3 ± 44.7	0.055
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL	50.6 ± 14.4	48.5 ± 14.3	52.0 ± 14.2	0.056
Abnormal components of MetS
Elevated central obesity (WC)^a	139 (54.3)	71 (68.9)	68 (44.4)	< 0.001
Elevated blood pressure^b	142 (55.5)	68 (66.0)	74 (48.4)	0.007
Elevated fasting blood glucose^c	115 (44.9)	53 (51.5)	62 (40.5)	0.096
Elevated triglyceride^d	35 (13.7)	17 (16.5)	18 (11.8)	0.354
Abnormal HDL-C^e	110 (43.0)	54 (52.4)	56 (36.6)	0.014
Metabolic syndrome (MetS)^f	97 (37.9)	54 (52.4)	43 (28.1)	< 0.001
Number of components of MetS	2.1 ± 1.3	2.6 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.2	< 0.001
Liver function
GOT, U/L	31.5 [24.0, 51.0]	33.0 [24.0, 57.0]	29.0 [24.0, 43.0]	0.030
GPT, U/L	33.5 [23.0, 55.5]	37.0 [27.0, 74.0]	31.0 [22.0, 47.0]	0.022
GGT, U/L	26.5 [17.0, 51.5]	31.0 [19.0, 66.0]	24.0 [16.0, 43.0]	0.002

Abbreviation: GOT Glutamic-oxalocetic transaminase, GPT Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Data were presented as frequency (percentage), mean ± standard deviation or median [25th percentile, 75th percentile];
^aWC, waist circumference, male > 90 cm, female > 80 cm;
^bBlood pressure > 130/85 mmHg; systolic blood pressure / diastolic blood pressure;
^cFasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL;
^dTriglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL;
^eHDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, male < 40 mg/dL, female < 50 mg/dL;
^fNumber of components of MetS ≥ 3

ISSN: 1471-2458