Table 1 Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria

• Studies focused on PHDs were used for geographic monitoring and tracking of public health or disease surveillance

• Studies that focused on the development and implementation of dashboards at the global, national, provincial or local levels

• Studies on web-based surveillance systems equipped with a dashboard

Exclusion criteria

• Peer-reviewed articles focused on the development, implementation, and/or evaluation of a dashboard used in healthcare settings, including clinics, hospitals, health systems, or any other settings where medical care is provided. (Based on the aim of this study to review the PHDs, we exclude those dashboards targeted at medical care centers due to the different nature, capabilities and features of the public health dashboard are those dashboards used in medical care centers)

• Non–English publications

• Studies published before 2000