Table 5 Model summaries for the models where EQ-5D domain scores were the dependent variables

PGSI score

0.012 (0.011)

-0.005 (0.006)

-0.009 (0.009)

0.006 (0.013)

0.023 (0.012)

PGSI categories (ref = no-risk/ non-gambler)

 Low Risk

0.073 (0.077)

-0.034 (0.042)

0.120 (0.068)

0.130 (0.092)

0.132 (0.087)

 Moderate Risk

0.130 (0.116)

0.005 (0.063)

0.050 (0.102)

0.325^* (0.139)

0.165 (0.131)

 High Risk

0.212 (0.166)

-0.060 (0.090)

-0.049 (0.146)

0.081 (0.199)

0.323 (0.187)

7-item PGSI derived harm variable

0.014 (0.013)

-0.007 (0.007)

-0.012 (0.011)

0.010 (0.016)

0.030^* (0.015)

Other covariates included^a

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Constant

1.230^** (0.194)

0.896^** (0.105)

1.358^** (0.171)

1.494^** (0.233)

1.228^** (0.218)

1.217^** (0.197)

0.909^** (0.107)

1.310^** (0.173)

1.480^** (0.235)

1.197^** (0.221)

1.235^** (0.194)

0.894^** (0.105)

1.355^** (0.171)

1.496^** (0.233)

1.236^** (0.218)

Observations

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

442

R²

0.271

0.307

0.370

0.217

0.347

0.273

0.307

0.374

0.228

0.349

0.271

0.307

0.370

0.218

0.348

Adjusted R²

0.216

0.255

0.322

0.158

0.298

0.215

0.251

0.323

0.166

0.297

0.216

0.255

0.322

0.159

0.299

Residual Std. Error

0.701 (df = 410)

0.380 (df = 410)

0.617 (df = 410)

0.843 (df = 410)

0.787 (df = 410)

0.701 (df = 408)

0.381 (df = 408)

0.617 (df = 408)

0.839 (df = 408)

0.788 (df = 408)

0.701 (df = 410)

0.380 (df = 410)

0.617 (df = 410)

0.843 (df = 410)

0.787 (df = 410)

F Statistic

4.917^** (df = 31; 410)

5.857^** (df = 31; 410)

7.752^** (df = 31; 410)

3.673^** (df = 31; 410)

7.030^** (df = 31; 410)

4.654^** (df = 33; 408)

5.485^** (df = 33; 408)

7.380^** (df = 33; 408)

3.659^** (df = 33; 408)

6.634^** (df = 33; 408)

4.910^** (df = 31; 410)

5.868^** (df = 31; 410)

7.762^** (df = 31; 410)

3.682^** (df = 31; 410)

7.062^** (df = 31; 410)