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Table 4 Non-parametric tests for significant difference

From: Exploring the relationship between loneliness and volunteering amongst Australian adults: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Social loneliness

Family loneliness

Romantic loneliness

 

Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal Wallis H statistic

P-Value

Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal Wallis H statistic

P-Value

Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal Wallis H statistic

P-Value

Gender

0.16U

  

0.46

 

0.60

Age

 

0.27

 

0.15

 

0.28

Area of residence

 

0.16

 

0.33

 

0.19

Volunteer yearsb

9.77H

  

0.44

 

0.16

Vocational education

0.16U

  

0.38

0.20U

 

University education

0.20U

  

0.17

0.16U

 

Married or Partnered

0.24U

 

0.26U

 

0.62U

 

Retired

 

0.09

0.26U

  

0.1

Live alone

0.23U

 

0.20U

 

0.55U

 

Live with disability

0.21U

 

0.28U

  

0.11

Drive a car

 

0.09

0.26U

  

0.19

  1. U = Mann-Whitney U statistic
  2. H= Kruskal-Wallis H statistic