Table 3 Measurement model: standardized item loadings (standard error) for gender minority stress, resilience, and access to care factors
| Â | Entire Sample1 | TWLHIV1~ | TW Living Without HIV, Site-Based1 | TW Living Without HIV, Online1+^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anticipated Discrimination | ||||
Healthcare provider may treat me poorly | 0.774 (0.016) | 0.721 (0.042) | 0.772 (0.024) | 0.750 (0.029) |
I might have trouble finding or keeping a job | 0.828 (0.013) | 0.835 (0.026) | 0.803 (0.022) | 0.828 (0.023) |
I might have trouble getting an apartment or house | 0.836 (0.012) | 0.809 (0.028) | 0.863 (0.015) | 0.783 (0.023) |
I worry about being treated unfairly by a teacher, supervisor, or employer. | 0.841 (0.012) | 0.863 (0.024) | 0.831 (0.019) | 0.807 (0.027) |
I may be denied a bank account, loan, or mortgage | 0.760 (0.015) | 0.699 (0.043) | 0.795 (0.020) | 0.702 (0.032) |
I worry about being harassed or stopped by police or security. | 0.810 (0.014) | 0.839 (0.028) | 0.823 (0.020) | 0.732 (0.031) |
People might try to attack me physically | 0.818 (0.014) | 0.822 (0.033) | 0.840 (0.018) | 0.748 (0.031) |
I expect to be pointed at, called names, or harassed when in public. | 0.768 (0.016) | 0.799 (0.035) | 0.781 (0.023) | 0.735 (0.029) |
I fear that I will have a hard time finding friendship or romance. | --- | 0.713 (0.042) | --- | --- |
Non-affirmation | ||||
I have to repeatedly explain my gender identity to people or correct the pronouns people use. | 0.699 (0.021) | --- | 0.760 (0.025) | 0.647 (0.040) |
I have difficulty being perceived as my gender. | 0.840 (0.013) | 0.838 (0.027) | 0.854 (0.019) | 0.792 (0.026) |
I have to be extra feminine in order for people to accept my gender. | 0.793 (0.016) | 0.822 (0.031) | 0.774 (0.023) | 0.757 (0.032) |
People do not respect my gender identity because of my appearance or body. | 0.925 (0.009) | 0.963 (0.013) | 0.908 (0.015) | 0.929 (0.015) |
People do not understand me because they do not see my gender as I do. | 0.888 (0.011) | 0.0896 (0.021) | 0.872 (0.017) | 0.888 (0.019) |
Pride | ||||
My gender identity or expression makes me feel special and unique. | 0.712 (0.033) | 0.684 (0.075) | 0.709 (0.038) | --- |
It is okay for me to have people know that my gender identity is different from my sex assigned at birth. | 0.760 (0.028) | 0.742 (0.056) | 0.754 (0.033) | --- |
I have no problem talking about my gender identity and history to almost anyone. | 0.786 (0.026) | 0.693 (0.063) | 0.790 (0.029) | --- |
It is a gift that my gender identity is different from my sex assigned at birth. | 0.828 (0.023) | 0.771 (0.054) | 0.824 (0.027) | --- |
I am like other people but I am also special because my gender identity is different from my sex assigned at birth. | 0.807 (0.024) | 0.800 (0.046) | 0.785 (0.030) | --- |
I am proud to be a person whose gender identity is different from my sex assigned at birth. | 0.789 (0.025) | 0.692 (0.070) | 0.819 (0.028) | --- |
I am comfortable revealing to others that my gender identity is different from my sex assigned at birth. | 0.886 (0.019) | 0.816 (0.048) | 0.879 (0.022) | --- |
I’d rather have people know everything and accept me with my gender identity and history. | 0.703 (0.034) | 0.668 (0.077) | 0.708 (0.039) | --- |
Community Connectedness | ||||
I feel part of a community with people who share my gender identity | 0.900 (0.019) | 0.890 (0.027) | 0.935 (0.025) | --- |
I feel connected to other people who share my gender identity | 0.915 (0.021) | 0.848 (0.037) | 0.913 (0.025) | --- |
When interacting with members of the community that shares my gender identity, I feel like I belong. | 0.849 (0.023) | 0.849 (0.036) | 0.841 (0.031) | --- |
I am not like other people who share my gender identity. | -0.285 (0.053) | Â | --- | --- |
I feel isolated and separate from other people who share my gender identity. | -0.541 (0.047) | Â | -0.413 (0.062) | --- |
Social Support | ||||
Had someone to help take care of me when sick. | 0.779 (0.016) | 0.816 (0.034) | 0.802 (0.022) | 0.725 (0.033) |
Had someone available to get together for relaxation. | 0.887 (0.010) | 0.914 (0.019) | 0.913 (0.013) | 0.828 (0.026) |
Had someone available to understand your problems | 0.895 (0.010) | 0.975 (0.009) | 0.908 (0.013) | 0.805 (0.027) |
Had someone available to love me and make me feel wanted. | 0.873 (0.011) | 0.952 (0.013) | 0.855 (0.018) | 0.841 (0.025) |
Legal Recognition | ||||
Preferred Gender is on IDs | --- | 0.883 (0.122) | 1.023 (0.147) | 1.035 (0.255) |
Preferred Name is on IDs | --- | 1.041 (0.139) | 0.925 (0.133) | 0.835 (0.208) |
Experience and Treatment Barriers | ||||
Safety | 0.514 (0.049) | 0.495 (0.118) | --- | --- |
Mistreatment | 0.893 (0.025) | 0.984 (0.062) | 0.899 (0.040) | 0.895 (0.043) |
Bad experiences | 0.815 (0.030) | 0.793 (0.083) | 0.813 (0.046) | 0.726 (0.054) |
Provider Not Comfortable Caring for Transgender Patients | 0.862 (0.028) | 0.852 (0.075) | 0.911 (0.041) | 0.764 (0.054) |
Logistic Barriers | ||||
Time | 0.640 (0.048) | --- | --- | 0.448 (0.074) |
Cost | 0.644 (0.052) | --- | --- | 0.553 (0.072) |
Inconvenience | 0.767 (0.049) | --- | --- | 0.561 (0.068) |
Positive Healthcare Experiences | ||||
Satisfaction | 0.855 (0.060) | --- | 0.786 (0.109) | 0.768 (0.075) |
My provider is knowledgeable about health issues facing transgender persons. | 0.627 (0.050) | --- | 0.624 (0.093) | 0.734 (0.064) |
Have Provider | --- | --- | 0.452 (0.099) | 0.709 (0.071) |