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Table 1 Descriptive statistics by temporal work pattern (by percentage unless otherwise stated)

From: Work hours, weekend working, nonstandard work schedules and sleep quantity and quality: findings from the UK household longitudinal study

 

Pooled sample n = 48,990

w4-only sample n = 25,605

 

Weekly work hours (hours/week)a

  

Weekend workingb

 

Nonstandard schedulesb

 

Alla

 < 35

35–40

41–54

 ≥ 55

 

Allb

None

Some

Most/All

 

Standard

Nonstandard

 
 

n = 15,388

n = 17,422

n = 12,416

n = 3764

  

n = 10,853

n = 9251

n = 5501

 

n = 18,317

n = 7388

 

100

31.2

33.2

27.9

7.7

 

100

41.6

36.6

21.8

 

71.8

28.2

 

Sleep duration:

     

***

    

***

  

***

  < 7 h/night

41.6

39.2

39.6

43.8

52.0

 

41.4

38.2

42.7

45.0

 

39.4

46.2

 

 7–8 h/night

55.0

55.8

57.4

53.8

46.0

 

55.1

58.7

54.4

49.6

 

57.4

49.5

 

  ≥ 9 h/night

3.4

5.0

3.0

2.4

2.0

 

3.5

3.1

2.9

5.4

 

3.2

4.3

 

Sleep disturbance:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 No disturbance

74.7

71.4

76.5

76.4

74.0

 

75.2

76.2

75.5

72.8

 

76.4

72.1

 

 Disturbance

25.3

28.6

23.5

23.6

26.0

 

24.8

23.8

24.5

27.2

 

23.6

27.9

 

Covariates

Gender:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Men

52.3

26.0

57.7

68.6

75.6

 

52.4

43.5

59.9

57.0

 

50.4

57.7

 

 Women

47.7

74.0

42.3

31.4

24.4

 

47.6

56.5

40.1

43.0

 

49.6

42.3

 

Age (years):

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Mean (SD)

42.6 (12.9)

44.6 (14.1)

41.5 (12.6)

41.6 (11.9)

42.6 (11.8)

 

42.4 (12.7)

43.3 (12.5)

42.7 (12.2)

40.2 (13.7)

 

42.8 (12.5)

41.4 (13.1)

 

Marital status:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Single

23.2

21.2

26.7

21.8

20.9

 

21.6

19.8

19.5

28.8

 

20.5

24.6

 

 Married/cohabiting

68.7

68.5

65.4

71.8

72.5

 

69.9

71.2

72.4

63.2

 

70.9

67.4

 

 Separated/div/widow

8.1

10.2

7.9

6.4

6.6

 

8.5

9.0

8.1

8.0

 

8.7

8.0

 

Children in the household:

     

***

    

ns

  

ns

 None

62.2

56.7

66.6

63.0

63.0

 

62.1

62.3

61.1

63.3

 

62.3

61.6

 

 0–4 years

7.7

7.8

7.2

7.8

7.8

 

8.4

8.4

8.9

7.7

 

8.4

8.4

 

 5–11 years

15.4

18.2

13.1

15.3

15.3

 

14.8

14.5

15.5

14.1

 

14.7

15.0

 

 12–15 years

14.7

17.2

13.1

13.9

13.8

 

14.7

14.8

14.5

15.0

 

14.6

15.0

 

Housing tenure:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Owner

72.6

71.6

72.6

74.1

72.1

 

73.4

75.9

74.8

66.3

 

75.1

69.1

 

 Private tenancy

14.8

13.0

15.4

15.1

18.1

 

14.9

13.3

15.0

17.9

 

14.2

16.6

 

 Public/social housing tenancy

12.6

15.4

12.0

10.8

9.8

 

11.7

10.8

10.2

15.8

 

10.7

14.3

 

Caregiving:

     

***

    

ns

  

ns

 None

85.2

81.1

86.4

87.8

87.5

 

84.7

84.4

84.9

85.0

 

84.9

84.4

 

 Co-resident

3.6

4.4

3.7

2.8

3.0

 

3.5

3.3

3.4

3.9

 

3.3

3.9

 

 Non-resident

10.6

13.8

9.4

9.1

8.8

 

11.3

11.8

11.1

10.4

 

11.2

11.3

 

 At both locations

0.6

8.7

0.6

0.3

0.7

 

5.5

0.5

0.5

0.7

 

0.6

0.4

 

Education attainment:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Degree (or higher)

45.8

40.0

46.0

51.0

50.0

 

44.9

46.8

48.9

34.4

 

46.2

41.3

 

 A level (or equivalent)

23.0

22.3

24.3

22.8

20.9

 

22.6

21.3

21.7

26.4

 

21.8

24.5

 

 GCSE (or equivalent)

20.4

23.8

20.0

17.7

18.1

 

20.9

20.1

18.8

25.7

 

20.2

22.6

 

 Other qualification

7.0

8.4

6.4

5.9

7.7

 

7.4

7.4

7.0

8.2

 

7.6

7.0

 

 No qualification

3.8

5.5

3.3

2.6

3.3

 

4.2

4.4

3.5

5.3

 

4.1

4.5

 

NS-SEC occupation:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Manager/professional

42.9

29.0

45.4

53.3

49.7

 

42.3

46.1

46.6

27.9

 

45.8

33.4

 

 Intermediate

23.4

27.0

25.8

16.8

23.0

 

23.7

25.1

22.1

23.6

 

24.4

21.8

 

 Routine

33.7

44.0

28.8

29.9

27.3

 

34.0

28.8

31.3

48.5

 

29.8

44.8

 

Equivalised household income:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Quintile 5 (highest)

21.7

14.1

19.7

29.3

33.4

 

21.5

22.6

25.6

14.6

 

22.8

18.4

 

 Quintile 4

20.9

16.0

22.8

24.0

21.9

 

20.8

22.9

20.7

17.0

 

21.4

19.3

 

 Quintile 3

20.6

18.8

23.4

20.0

17.9

 

20.5

21.1

19.8

20.4

 

20.7

19.9

 

 Quintile 2

20.4

23.9

20.9

17.0

15.9

 

20.7

20.0

19.5

24.0

 

20.2

21.9

 

 Quintile 1 (lowest)

16.4

27.2

13.2

9.7

10.9

 

16.5

14.4

14.4

24.0

 

15.0

20.5

 

LLTI:

     

***

    

ns

  

ns

 No

75.7

72.2

76.8

77.6

77.5

 

75.6

74.8

76.6

75.2

 

75.8

75.0

 

 Yes

24.3

27.8

23.2

22.4

22.5

 

24.4

25.2

23.4

24.8

 

24.2

25.0

 

Smoker status:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Non-smoker

45.6

46.3

47.0

44.1

42.2

 

43.8

46.9

42.5

39.9

 

44.6

41.5

 

 Ex-smoker

35.0

35.1

34.0

36.0

35.4

 

35.2

35.3

36.4

33.4

 

36.0

33.3

 

 Smoker

19.4

18.6

19.0

19.9

22.4

 

21.0

17.8

21.1

26.7

 

19.3

25.2

 

Exercise frequency:

     

***

    

*

  

*

  > 3 times/week

18.3

15.0

18.7

21.0

19.6

 

17.2

17.2

17.7

16.4

 

17.1

17.5

 

 1–3 times/week

22.9

21.8

22.3

24.5

23.5

 

22.9

23.0

23.5

21.6

 

23.6

21.1

 

  < 1 time/week

35.4

35.1

35.4

35.3

36.8

 

37.1

36.6

37.8

36.6

 

36.9

37.4

 

No exercise

23.5

28.1

23.5

19.2

20.1

 

22.8

23.1

21.0

25.3

 

22.4

24.0

 

Alcohol consumption frequency:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 None

32.5

38.1

32.1

27.9

27.9

 

29.1

29.0

26.3

34.2

 

28.0

32.1

 

 1–2 days/week

35.6

33.6

36.6

36.4

37.1

 

37.3

38.0

35.6

38.6

 

37.2

37.6

 

 3–4 days/week

19.5

17.1

20.0

21.7

19.7

 

20.1

20.4

22.4

15.6

 

21.0

17.5

 

  ≥ 5 days/week

12.3

11.2

11.3

14.0

15.3

 

13.5

12.6

15.7

11.6

 

13.8

12.8

 

Job satisfaction:

     

***

    

ns

  

ns

 Satisfied

79.0

80.2

77.3

79.0

81.4

 

77.6

77.1

78.6

76.9

 

77.9

76.9

 

 Neutral

8.8

8.3

9.4

9.0

7.6

 

9.3

9.5

8.9

9.7

 

9.0

9.9

 

 Dissatisfied

12.2

11.5

13.3

12.0

11.0

 

13.1

13.4

12.5

13.4

 

13.1

13.2

 

Income satisfaction:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Satisfied

59.2

55.6

59.2

62.3

62.3

 

53.4

55.4

54.8

47.4

 

54.7

50.2

 

 Neutral

12.2

13.3

12.0

11.5

10.8

 

12.6

11.6

12.2

15.1

 

11.7

14.8

 

 Dissatisfied

28.7

31.1

28.8

26.2

26.9

 

34.0

33.0

33.0

37.5

 

33.6

35.0

 

Leisure satisfaction:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Satisfied

54.3

60.6

56.4

49.2

38.7

 

51.6

55.4

51.5

44.2

 

53.0

47.7

 

 Neutral

14.0

14.4

14.2

13.8

12.5

 

14.4

14.3

13.4

16.2

 

14.2

15.0

 

 Dissatisfied

31.7

25.0

29.4

37.0

48.8

 

34.0

30.2

35.1

39.6

 

32.8

37.3

 

Job physicality:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Not at all

22.6

23.4

20.5

22.7

27.5

 

22.7

16.5

22.9

34.5

 

20.4

28.7

 

 Not very

38.1

41.2

35.5

37.4

39.6

 

38.2

34.9

39.0

43.4

 

36.2

43.4

 

 Fairly

25.2

23.0

26.9

26.3

23.0

 

25.4

30.4

25.6

15.4

 

27.8

19.3

 

 Very

14.1

12.4

17.1

13.6

9.9

 

13.7

18.2

12.5

6.7

 

15.6

8.5

 

Work autonomy:

     

***

    

***

  

***

 Mean (SD)

11.4 (4.1)

10.8 (4.3)

11.4 (3.8)

11.9 (3.8)

12.4 (3.9)

 

11.4 (4.1)

11.2 (3.9)

11.7 (4.0)

11.1 (4.3)

 

11.6 (3.9)

10.8 (4.3)

 
  1. Data are multiply imputed. Sample sizes are unweighted. Survey weights were applied to determine percentages and means
  2. a The analytic sample for weekly work hours used the pooled data, with analyses clustered at the individual level
  3. bThe analytic sample for weekend working and nonstandard schedules used w4-only data
  4. *p < 0.05 indicate statistically significant differences between categories within each work pattern
  5. **p < 0.01
  6. ***p < 0.001
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