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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and changes in CRF and metabolic indicators of all participants, men and women

From: Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk in Chinese population: evidence from a prospective cohort study

 

All population

Males

Females

P value

Number of participants at baseline

4,862

2,303

2,559

 

 Age, mean (SD), year

58.6 (9.4)

59.4 (9.3)

57.9 (9.5)

 < 0.001

 Female, n (%)

2559 (52.6)

0 (0.0)

2559 (100.0)

 < 0.001

 Smoking, n (%)

1994 (41.0)

1759 (76.4)

235 (9.2)

 < 0.001

 Drinking, n (%)

2004 (41.2)

1583 (68.8)

421 (16.5)

 < 0.001

 Marriage, n (%)

4574 (94.1)

2175 (94.4)

2399 (93.7)

0.335

 Rural area, n (%)

3207 (66.0)

1540 (66.9)

1667 (65.1)

0.216

 Education level, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

  Less than lower secondary

4342 (89.3)

1976 (85.8)

2366 (92.5)

 

  Upper secondary & vocational training

457 (9.4)

285 (12.4)

172 (6.7)

 

  Tertiary

63 (1.3)

42 (1.8)

21 (0.8)

 

 Active physical activity, n (%)

1266 (26.0)

605 (26.3)

661 (25.8)

0.752

 BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2

23.08 (3.73)

22.60 (3.44)

23.52 (3.92)

 < 0.001

 WC, mean (SD), cm

82.97 (12.58)

82.90 (12.06)

83.04 (13.04)

0.703

 rHR, mean (SD), bpm

72.13 (10.22)

72.05 (10.89)

72.20 (9.58)

0.6

 SBP, mean (SD), mmHg

127.30 (19.45)

127.74 (18.65)

126.90 (20.13)

0.132

 DBP, mean (SD), mmHg

74.32 (11.42)

75.09 (11.82)

73.62 (11.01)

 < 0.001

 TG, mean (SD), mmol/L

1.41 (0.94)

1.37 (0.97)

1.45 (0.90)

0.003

 HDL-C, mean (SD), mmol/L

1.35 (0.40)

1.34 (0.44)

1.36 (0.37)

0.06

 FPG, mean (SD), mmol/L

5.94 (1.44)

5.97 (1.48)

5.92 (1.40)

0.212

 Self-reported hypertension, n (%)

1367 (28.3)

652 (28.4)

715 (28.1)

0.817

 Self-reported dyslipidemia, n (%)

215 (4.5)

79 (3.5)

136 (5.5)

0.002

 Self-reported diabetes, n (%)

585 (12.1)

293 (12.8)

292 (11.5)

0.173

 Self-reported heart diseases, n (%)

511 (10.5)

214 (9.3)

297 (11.6)

0.011

 Self-reported stroke, n (%)

67 (1.4)

37 (1.6)

30 (1.2)

0.235

 CRF, mean (SD), METs

10.22 (2.00)

11.80 (1.49)

8.81 (1.17)

 < 0.001

Number of participants during follow-up

2,700

1,288

1,412

 

 Change in SBP/year, mean (SD), mmHg/year

0.33 (4.13)

0.51 (4.24)

0.16 (4.02)

0.026

 Change in DBP/year, mean (SD), mmHg/year

0.32 (2.84)

0.49 (2.95)

0.17 (2.73)

0.004

 Change in TG/year, mean (SD), mmol/L/year

0.03 (0.23)

0.02 (0.24)

0.04 (0.22)

0.032

 Change in HDL-C /year, mean (SD), mmol/L/year

-0.003 (0.07)

-0.005 (0.08)

-0.001 (0.07)

0.244

 Change in FPG /year, mean (SD), mmol/L/year

-0.089 (0.35)

-0.092 (0.38)

-0.085 (0.32)

0.604

 Metabolic score, n (%)

   

0.803

  0

810 (30.0)

386 (30.0)

424 (30.0)

 

  1

889 (32.9)

415 (32.2)

474 (33.6)

 

  2

642 (23.8)

309 (24.0)

333 (23.6)

 

  3

273 (10.1)

133 (10.3)

140 (9.9)

 

  4

69 (2.6)

38 (3.0)

31 (2.2)

 

  5

17 (0.6)

7 (0.5)

10 (0.7)

 

 Change in CRF/year, mean (SD), METs/year

-0.17 (0.23)

-0.23 (0.26)

-0.12 (0.18)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as means (standard deviation) for continuous variables or numbers (%) for categorical variables
  2. Smoking and drinking: Both current and previous smoking or drinking were defined as smoking or drinking in the multivariate regression analysis
  3. Active physical activity: The threshold of total vigorous physical activity and moderate physical activity greater than four days per week was considered active physical activity
  4. Marriage: Marriage was defined as married or partnered
  5. Rural area: 0 indicates the household is located in an urban region and 1 indicates the household is located in a rural region
  6. Education level: 1. Less than lower secondary education, 2. Upper secondary & vocational training, and 3. Tertiary education. Respondents are assigned a code of 1 if the respondent reports an education level of “No Formal Education (Illiterate)”, “Did Not Finish Primary School but can Read”, “Sishu (Private Tutoring)”, “Elementary School” or “Middle School”. If the respondent reports an education level of “High School” or “Vocational School” a code of 2 is assigned. Respondents are assigned a code of 3 if the respondent reports an education level of “Two/three-year College”, “College Grad” or “Post-graduate degree”
  7. Change in CRF/year: The number of participants who had complete CRF component data in Wave 4 was 2516, 1213, and 1303 in all populations, males and females
  8. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, rHR resting heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, CRF estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, MET metabolic equivalent
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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