Table 1 Participant characteristics by functional sensory impairment status; National Health and Aging Trends Study, 2011–2019
From: Hearing and vision impairment and social isolation over 8 years in community-dwelling older adults
|  | No Impairment N = 4111 | Hearing Impairment Only N = 1050 | Vision Impairment Only N = 264 | Dual Sensory Impairment N = 127 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group (years), N(%) | ||||
 65–69 | 1074 (26.1) | 112 (10.7) | 62 (23.5) | 12 (9.4) |
 70–74 | 1065 (25.9) | 190 (18.1) | 51 (19.3) | 15 (11.8) |
 75–79 | 870 (21.2) | 216 (20.6) | 48 (18.2) | 17 (13.4) |
 80–84 | 694 (16.9) | 236 (22.5) | 52 (19.7) | 26 (20.5) |
 85–89 | 291 (7.1) | 180 (17.1) | 32 (12.1) | 28 (22.0) |
 90 +  | 117 (2.8) | 116 (11.0) | 19 (7.2) | 29 (22.8) |
Sex, N(%) | ||||
 Male | 1620 (39.4) | 568 (54.1) | 72 (27.3) | 52 (40.9) |
 Female | 2491 (60.6) | 482 (45.9) | 192 (72.7) | 75 (59.1) |
Race, N(%) | ||||
 Non-Hispanic White | 2880 (70.1) | 886 (84.4) | 163 (61.7) | 92 (72.4) |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 911 (22.2) | 88 (8.4) | 74 (28.0) | 13 (10.2) |
 Hispanic | 187 (4.5) | 36 (3.4) | 17 (6.4) | 17 (13.4) |
 Other | 133 (3.2) | 40 (3.8) | 10 (3.8) | 5 (3.9) |
Education, N(%) | ||||
 Less than high school | 777 (19.1) | 211 (20.3) | 76 (28.8) | 53 (42.1) |
 High school | 1470 (36.0) | 390 (37.6) | 99 (37.5) | 41 (32.5) |
 More than high school | 1831 (44.9) | 437 (42.1) | 89 (33.7) | 32 (25.4) |
 Diabetes, N(%) | 955 (23.2) | 242 (23.0) | 100 (37.9) | 33 (26.0) |
 Hypertension, N(%) | 2738 (66.7) | 683 (65.1) | 201 (76.1) | 91 (71.7) |
 History of Heart Attack, N(%) | 478 (11.6) | 199 (19.0) | 46 (17.6) | 24 (18.9) |
 Heart Disease, N(%) | 619 (15.1) | 229 (21.8) | 69 (26.1) | 32 (25.2) |
 Lung Disease, N(%) | 590 (14.4) | 176 (16.8) | 58 (22.0) | 19 (15.0) |
 History of Cancer, N(%) | 1032 (25.1) | 328 (31.2) | 66 (25.0) | 32 (25.2) |
 History of Stroke, N(%) | 324 (7.9) | 114 (10.9) | 51 (19.3) | 17 (13.5) |
 Ever Smoker, N(%) | 2134 (51.9) | 556 (53.0) | 136 (51.7) | 61 (48.0) |
 Socially isolated, (N%) | 905 (22.4) | 71 (28.1) | 242 (23.6) | 40 (33.9) |
 Live alone, (N%) | 1258 (30.8) | 111 (42.0) | 343 (32.8) | 51 (40.2) |
Small core discussion network size, (N%) | 1839 (45.4) | 120 (47.4) | 485 (47.1) | 57 (48.3) |
 No past month religious services attendance, (N%) | 1586 (38.6) | 102 (38.6) | 417 (39.7) | 60 (47.2) |
 No past month social participation, (N%) | 2087 (50.8) | 150 (56.8) | 530 (50.5) | 85 (66.9) |