Table 2 Factors associated with health insurance subscription among women in Mauritania

Fixed effect results

Women’s age (years)

15–24

1.00

1.00

25–34

0.93 [0.76, 1.13]

0.88 [0.72, 1.07]

35 and above

1.92^*** [1.56, 2.37]

1.54^*** [1.24, 1.92]

Level of education

No education

1.00

1.00

Primary

2.04^*** [1.47, 2.82]

1.75^*** [1.27, 2.42]

Secondary

6.62^*** [4.62, 9.47]

4.51^*** [3.17, 6.40]

Higher

9.60^*** [6.09, 15.13]

6.09^*** [3.93, 9.42]

Current working status

Not working

1.00

1.00

Working

1.37^** [1.11, 1.70]

1.42^** [1.15, 1.76]

Parity

Nulliparity

1.00

1.00

Primiparity

0.96 [0.70, 1.32]

0.98 [0.72, 1.34]

Multiparity

1.63^*** [1.29, 2.07]

1.73^*** [1.35, 2.21]

Grand parity

2.00^*** [1.52, 2.63]

2.16^*** [1.62, 2.87]

Read newspapers or magazines

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.24 [0.98, 1.56]

1.24 [0.98, 1.56]

Listen to the radio

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.93 [0.79, 1.09]

0.97 [0.82, 1.14]

Watch television

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

2.16^*** [1.56, 2.99]

1.42^* [1.07, 1.89]

Internet usage

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.89^*** [1.54, 2.32]

1.37^** [1.12, 1.67]

Sex of household head

Male

1.00

1.00

Female

0.89 [0.75, 1.05]

0.87 [0.72, 1.04]

Wealth index

Poorest

1.00

1.00

Poorer

2.43^* [1.11, 5.31]

2.09 [0.96, 4.57]

Middle

7.44^*** [3.45, 16.04]

5.07^*** [2.30, 11.19]

Richer

16.23^*** [7.48, 35.23]

8.90^*** [3.92, 20.18]

Richest

54.28^*** [24.71, 119.24]

22.12^*** [9.52, 51.41]

Place of residence

Urban

1.00

1.00

Rural

0.52^*** [0.36, 0.75]

0.71 [0.49, 1.03]

Region

Hodh Echargui

1.00

1.00

Hodh Gharbi

1.60 [0.71, 3.60]

1.32 [0.60, 2.91]

Assaba

1.62 [0.72, 3.67]

1.63 [0.74, 3.60]

Gorgol

1.68 [0.76, 3.75]

1.41 [0.63, 3.14]

Brakna

1.78 [0.89, 3.59]

1.80 [0.89, 3.65]

Trarza

1.91 [0.93, 3.95]

1.78 [0.86, 3.68]

Adrar

2.88^** [1.39, 5.96]

2.76^** [1.36, 5.61]

Dakhlet Nouadhibou

1.53 [0.71, 3.33]

1.63 [0.73, 3.61]

Tagant

4.22^*** [1.85, 9.64]

3.74^** [1.61, 8.68]

Guidimagha

0.69 [0.28, 1.75]

0.72 [0.30, 1.73]

Tiris zemour et Inchiri

3.85^*** [1.73, 8.59]

3.60^** [1.60, 8.10]

Nouakchott Ouest

1.37 [0.62, 3.03]

1.24 [0.56, 2.74]

Nouakchott Nord

1.81 [0.87, 3.78]

1.62 [0.77, 3.42]

Nouakchott Sud

1.37 [0.64, 2.93]

1.39 [0.64, 3.01]

Random effect model

PSU variance (95% CI)

2.851 [2.271, 3.580]

0.972 [0.688, 1.373]

0.550 [0.392, 0.773]

0.523 [0.374, 0.732]

ICC

0.464

0.228

0.143

0.137

Wald chi-square

Reference

497.70 (< 0.001)

682.09 (< 0.001)

1098.08 (< 0.001)

Model fitness

Log-likelihood

-3990.6507

-3557.7908

-3603.8833

-3365.0327

AIC

7985.301

7145.582

7249.767

6798.065

BIC

8000.626

7260.516

7410.675

7058.584

N

15,714

15,714

15,714

15,714

Number of clusters

406

406

406

406