Table 1 Sociodemographic and family characteristics of adolescent participants
Study 1 (2014/15) | Study 2 (2021/22) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
n=1266 | n=819 | ||
Age (years) | 15.3 ± 1.4 | 15.2 ± 1.4 | 0.171 |
Gender [n(%)] | |||
Male | 575 (45.4%) | 409 (49.9%) | |
Female | 691 (54.6%) | 388 (47.4%) | |
Gender diversea | N/A | 22 (2.7%) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity [n(%)] | |||
New Zealand European | 931 (73.5%) | 538 (65.7%) | |
Māori | 142 (11.2%) | 120 (14.7%) | |
Pacific | 47 (3.7%) | 25 (3.1%) | |
Asian | 80 (6.3%) | 36 (4.4%) | |
Other | 60 (4.7%) | 100 (12.2%) | <0.001 |
Neighbourhood deprivation score (%) | (n=1240) | (n=813) | |
1 (least deprived) | 385 (31.0%) | 252 (31.0%) | |
2 | 302 (24.0%) | 226 (27.8%) | |
3 | 257 (20.7%) | 124 (15.3%) | |
4 | 181 (14.6%) | 134 (16.5%) | |
5 (most deprived) | 155 (9.3%) | 77 (9.5%) | 0.023 |
Self-perceived health | |||
Excellent | 224 (17.7%) | 134 (16.4%) | |
Very good | 559 (44.2%) | 325 (39.7%) | |
Good | 387 (30.6%) | 275 (33.6%) | |
Fair | 82 (6.5%) | 77 (9.4%) | |
Poor | 14 (1.1%) | 8 (1.0%) | 0.042 |
Family structure | |||
Number of people living at home (n) | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 0.427 |
Number of adults at home (n) | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
Number of siblings (n) | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 0.003 |
Resources at home | |||
Number of bikes available to use to get to school (%) | |||
None | 24.2% | 23.3% | |
One | 20.1% | 18.6% | |
Two or more | 55.7% | 58.1% | 0.528 |
Number of vehicles at home (%) | |||
None | 3.5% | 0.9% | |
One | 26.5% | 19.0% | |
Two or more | 70.1% | 80.1% | <0.001 |
Number of televisions (n) | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
Number of desktop computers (n) | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 0.026 |
Number of laptops (n) | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
Number of game consoles (n) | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.003 |