Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the review on the prevalence of COPD

Bourbeau et al., 2022 [29]

Prospective longitudinal study

Canada

Mixed

1452

66.6

FR

Farooqi et al.,2022 [30]

Cross-sectional study

Canada

Mixed

21,242

64

LLN

Grafino et al.,2022 [31]

Cross-sectional study

Lisbon/ Portugal

Mixed

241

60

FR and LLN

Machiguchi et al.,2022 [32]

Retrospective epidemiological study

Japan

Mixed

4364

53

FR

Pagano et al.,2022 [33]

Cross-sectional study

Australia

Mixed

141

68

FR

Wang et al.,2022 [34]

Cross-sectional study

China

Mixed

33,664

55.4

FR

Xiao et al.,2022 [35]

Cross sectional study

Guangdong/

China

NA

202

58.2

FR

Kim et Kang.,2021 [36]

Cross-sectional study

South Korea

Mixed

12,919

LIN

Leung et al.,2021 [37]

Cross-sectional study

Canada

Urban

4893

56.6

FR and LLN

Li et al.,2021 [38]

Cross-sectional study

Kashi / China

Rural

2963

55.4

FR

Shangguan et al..,2021 [39]

Cross-sectional study

Liaoning/ China

Mixed

2194

-

FR

Su et al.,2021 [40]

Cross-sectional population-based study

Jiangsu / China

Mixed

3407

57.2

FR

Tamaki et al.,2021 [41]

Cross-sectional observational study

Okinawa / Japan

Mixed

2518

52

FR

Zhang et al.,2021 [42]

Cross-sectional study

Jiangsu / China

Mixed

2421

56.63

FR

Adhikari et al.,2020 [43]

Cross-sectional study

Pokhara / Nepal

Semi urban

1438

55

FR and LLN

Kim et al.,2020 [44]

Longitudinal study

South Korea

Mixed

6341

51.3

FR

Melbye et al.,2020 [45]

Cross-sectional study

Tromsø / Norway

Mixed

7247

63

LLN

Sharifi et al.,2020 [46]

Cross-sectional study

Mazandaran / Iran

Mixed

1007

44

FR

Sumit et al.,2020 [47]

Cross-sectional study

Bangladesh

Mixed

373

-

FR

Timur et al.,2020 [48]

Cross-sectional study

Kayseri / Turkey

Mixed

386

53.3

FR

Yan et al.,2020 [49]

Cross-sectional study

Suzhou / China

Mixed

4725

62.2

FR

Bikbov et al.,2019 [50]

Cross-sectional study

Ufa / Russia

Mixed

5392

59

FR and LLN

De Matteis et al.,2019 [51]

Cross-sectional study

United Kingdom

Urban

94,551

55.9

LLN

Sheng et al.,2019 [52]

Cross-sectional study

Ningbo / Chin

Rural

1371

-

FR

Zha et al.,2019 [53]

Cross-sectional study

Anhui / China

Mixed

2770

53.8

FR and LLN

Broström et al.,2018 [54]

Cross-sectional study

Tartu in Estonia, Reykjavik in Iceland, and Uppsala in Sweden/Nordic Baltic Region

Urban

1993

58.73

LLN

Ding et al.,2018 [55]

Cross-sectional study

Hlai / China

Mixed

5637

-

FR

Fang et al..,2018 [56]

National cross-sectional study

China

Mixed

66 752

54.9

FR

Leem et al.,2018 [57]

Prospective cohort study

Ansunge and Ansan/Korea

Mixed

6517

-

FR

Kotaki et al.,2017 [58]

Cross-sectional study

Omuta / Japan

Urban

293

67.65

FR

Nakao et al.,2017 [59]

Cross-sectional study

Oulan Bator / Mangolia

Mixed

746

54.1

FR

Sobrino et al. 2017 [60]

Longitudinal prospective cohort study

Latin America (Bariloche and Marcos Paz, Argentina; Temuco, Chile; and Pando-Barros Blancos,Uruguay)

Mixed

4354

-

FR and LLN

Torén et al.,2017 [61]

Cross-sectional validation study

Sweden

Mixed

1050

-

FR and LLN

Denguezli et al.,2016 [62]

Cross-sectional study

Sousse / Tunisia

Mixed

661

52

FR and LLN

El Rhazi et al.,2016 [63]

Cross-sectional study

Fez / Morocco

Urban

768

-

FR and LLN

Fukuyama et al.,2016 [64]

Cross-sectional study

Hisayama / Japan

Mixed

2232

61.1

FR

Karrasch et al.,2016 [65]

Observational cross-sectional study

Augsburg. Germany

Mixed

2256

61.6

FR and LLN

Koul et al.,2016 [66]

Cross-sectional study

Kashmir / India

Mixed

953

51.62

FR and LLN

Loh et al.,2016 [67]

Cross-sectional study

Penang / Malaysia

Sub urban

663

-

FR and LLN

Obaseki et al.,2016 [68]

Cross-sectional study

Ile-Ife / Nigeria

Sub urban

875

-

LLN

Omori et al. 2016 [69]

Cross-sectional study

Japan

Mixed

22,293

54.7

FR

Park et al.

2016 [70]

Cross-sectional study

Korea

Mixed

3283

59.35

FR