Table 1 General characteristics of the study population at baseline

Sex

 Men

2,767

54.5

 Women

2,307

45.5

Disability-related limitations of daily living

 Low

3,055

60.2

 Mid

1,774

35.0

 High

245

4.8

Age

 19–29

311

6.1

 30–39

363

7.2

 40–49

696

13.7

 50–59

1,654

32.6

 ≥ 60

2,050

40.4

Region

 Urban area

4,737

93.4

 Rural area

337

6.6

Marital Status

 Living with spouse

2,787

54.9

 Single, separated, divorced, bereavement

2,287

45.1

Educational level

 College or over

923

18.2

 High school

2,160

42.6

 Middle school or less

1,991

39.2

Household income

 High

1,653

32.6

 Middle

1,740

34.3

 Low

1,681

33.1

Chronic disease

 No

1,985

39.1

 Yes

3,089

60.9

Social care services

 Not use

4,751

93.6

 Use

323

6.4

Drinking

 Never

2,049

40.4

 Past

1,926

38.0

 Current

1,099

21.7

Smoking

 Never

3,051

60.1

 Past

1,407

27.7

 Current

616

12.1

Exercise

 Much

2,458

48.4

 Less

232

4.6

 No

2,384

47.0

Disability type

 Physical disability

867

17.1

 Brain lesion disability

811

16.0

 Visual disability

667

13.1

 Hearing or language disability

835

16.5

 Intellectual or autism disability

270

5.3

 Mental disability

321

6.3

 Internal or facial disability

1,303

25.7

Disability level

 Low

2,490

49.1

 High

2,584

50.9

Total (N = 5,074)

5,074

100.0