Table 3 Factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers and amputation according to multivariable logistic regression models

Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Age

1.0 (1.0–1.1)

0.165

BMI

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

0.272

Gender

0.7 (0.2–2.6)

0.564

Duration of diabetes

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

0.850

Retinopathy

2.1 (0.7–6.4)

0.198

Foot colour

5.9 (0.9–37.7)

0.061

Renal disease

3.4 (0.4–31.7)

0.290

PAD

1.1 (0.5–2.6)

0.823

Unsteady walking

0.7 (0.4–1.5)

0.407

Burning, aching pain or tenderness of feet

1.7 (1.1–2.6)

0.019*

Prickling sensation

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

0.742

Numbness of feet

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

0.831

Amputation

Age

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

0.917

Gender

0.6 (0.1–3.9)

0.549

Type of diabetes

1.5 (0.2–11.8)

0.698

Insulin use

0.1 (0.1–0.9)

0.049*

Oral hypoglycemics adherence

0.7 (0.1–5.4)

0.692

Foot ulcer

5.0 (0.6–40.0)

0.127

Retinopathy

2.7 (0.3–27.8)

0.393

Both foot ulceration and amputation

Age

1.0 (1.0 – 1.1)

0.448

Gender

0.9 (0.3 – 2.5)

0.864

Type of diabetes

0.6 (0.1 – 3.2)

0.553

Duration of diabetes

1.0 (1.0 – 1.1)

0.149

Renal disease

1.6 (0.3 – 7.1)

0.563

Unsteady walking

1.3 (0.8 – 2.0)

0.234

Burning, aching pain or tenderness of feet

1.4 (1.0 – 1.9)

0.061

Prickling sensation

1.0 (0.7 – 1.4)

0.859

Numbness of feet

0.9 (0.7 -1.2)

0.497

Insulin use

0.6 (0.2 – 1.9)

0.403

Oral hypoglycaemics adherence

1.1 (0.5 – 6.1)

0.383

Diet

1.4 (0.1 – 13.8)

0.797

Hypertension

2.1 (0.5 – 8.9)

0.297