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Table 1 Sample characteristics (weighted) for the total study period (March 2014-June 2022), and before and after March 2020 in England for past-year smokers, and increasing and higher risk drinkers (AUDIT-C score of 4 or higher)

From: Brief interventions for smoking and alcohol associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: a population survey in England

Smoked in past year

Overall N = 31,390

Pre-March 2020

N = 23,119

Post March 2020

N = 8,271

Characteristic

%

95% CI

%

95% CI

%

95% CI

Age

 18–24

16.8

16.3, 17.2

16.7

16.2, 17.2

16.9

16.0, 17.9

 25–34

24.1

23.6, 24.7

23.2

22.6, 23.8

26.8

25.7, 27.9

 35–44

18.2

17.7, 18.7

18.3

17.7, 18.8

18.0

17.1, 19.0

 45–54

17.4

17.0, 17.9

18.3

17.8, 18.9

14.9

14.1, 15.8

 55–64

12.2

11.8, 12.6

12.6

12.3, 13.1

11.1

10.4, 11.8

 65 + 

11.2

10.9, 11.6

10.9

10.5, 11.3

12.2

11.5, 12.9

Sex

 Women

46.4

45.8, 47.0

46.6

45.9, 47.3

45.9

44.7, 47.1

Social grade

 ABC1

40.2

39.6, 40.8

39.1

38.4, 39.8

43.1

41.9, 44.3

 C2DE

59.8

59.2, 60.4

60.9

60.2, 61.6

56.9

55.7, 58.1

Region

 London

14.4

14.0, 14.8

14.2

13.8, 14.7

14.9

14.0, 15.7

 South

25.0

24.5, 25.6

24.4

23.8, 25.1

26.5

25.5, 27.6

 Central

29.4

28.8, 29.9

29.2

28.6, 29.8

29.9

28.8, 31.1

 North

31.2

30.7, 31.8

32.1

31.5, 32.8

28.7

27.6, 29.8

Children in household

32.7

32.1, 33.2

33.3

32.7, 34.0

30.7

29.6, 31.9

BI for smokinga

28.7

28.2, 29.3

30.5

29.9, 31.2

23.6

22.6, 24.7

AUDIT 8 or higher

Overall N = 22,386

Pre March 2020

N = 15,842

Post March 2020

N = 6,544

Age

 18–24

20.9

20.4, 21.5

23.1

22.4, 23.8

15.7

14.8, 16.7

 25–34

18.3

17.7, 18.9

17.8

17.1, 18.5

19.6

18.5, 20.7

 35–44

17.3

16.7, 17.9

16.9

16.2, 17.6

18.3

17.2, 19.4

 45–54

19.7

19.1, 20.3

19.3

18.6, 20.0

20.8

19.7, 21.8

 55–64

13.7

13.3, 14.2

13.5

12.9, 14.0

14.4

13.6, 15.3

 65 + 

10.0

9.6, 10.4

9.5

9.0, 9.9

11.2

10.5, 12.0

Sex

 Women

32.4

31.8, 33.1

31.8

31.0, 32.6

33.9

32.7, 35.2

Social grade

 ABC1

61.1

60.4, 61.8

61.2

60.4, 62.0

60.8

59.5, 62.2

 C2DE

38.9

38.2, 39.6

38.8

37.9, 39.6

39.2

37.8, 40.5

Region

 London

12.0

11.5, 12.4

11.0

10.5, 11.5

14.3

13.4, 15.2

 South

26.8

26.1, 27.5

27.4

26.6, 28.2

25.4

24.3, 26.6

 Central

23.9

23.3, 24.5

22.4

21.7, 23,1

27.5

26.3, 28.7

 North

37.3

36.7, 38.0

39.2

38.4, 40.0

32.9

31.6, 34.1

Children in household

26.4

25.8, 27.1

25.2

24.4, 26.0

29.4

28.2, 30.7

BI for alcohola

3.9

3.6, 4.1

3.8

3.5, 4.1

4.1

3.6, 4.6

  1. Unweighted Ns Past-year smokers: Overall N = 30,438; Pre N = 23,119; Post N = 8,271
  2. Unweighted Ns AUDIT ≥ 8 (used alcohol at increasing and higher risk levels): Overall N = 21,771; Pre N = 15,334; Post N = 6,437
  3. aAmong all adults including those who did not visit their GP