Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants and statistical differences between Conditions

Youth

102

70

32

 Gender: Female

47

46.1%

35

50.0%

12

37.5%

0.242

 Ethnic identity: Dutch

72

70.6%

50

71.4%

22

68.8%

0.728

 School: Yes

91

89.2%

65

92.9%

26

81.3%

0.431

 Education level: None/primary

6

5.9%

4

5.7%

2

6.3%

0.112

 Education level: Secondary

81

79.4%

60

85.7%

21

65.6%

 Education level: Tertiary

4

3.9%

1

1.4%

3

9.4%

 Liv. sit.: Both parents

19

18.6%

11

15.7%

8

25.0%

0.268

 Liv. sit.: Alternately both parents

2

2.0%

2

2.9%

0

0.0%

 Liv. sit.: Mother

22

21.6%

18

25.7%

4

12.5%

 Liv. sit.: Father

5

4.9%

4

5.7%

1

3.1%

 Liv. sit.: Foster care

6

5.9%

5

7.1%

1

3.1%

 Liv. sit.: Professional care

33

32.4%

20

28.6%

13

40.6%

 Liv. sit.: Independently

3

2.9%

1

1.4%

2

6.3%

 Liv. sit.: Other (e.g. with family)

8

7.8

8

11.4%

0

0.0%

Parents

85

54

31

 Gender: Female

67

78.8%

42

77.8%

25

80.6%

0.756

 Ethnic identity: Dutch

75

88.2%

50

92.6%

25

80.6%

0.064

 Education level: None/primary

7

8.2%

6

11.1%

1

3.2%

0.411

 Education level: Secondary

23

27.1%

12

22.2%

11

35.5%

 Education level: Vocational

15

17.6%

8

14.8%

7

22.6%

 Education level: Higher

31

36.5%

22

40.7%

9

29.0%

 Income: Lowest 10%¹

52

61.2%

38

70.4%

14

45.2%

0.071

 Biological parent: Yes

72

84.7%

46

85.2%

26

83.9%

0.998

 Marital status: With partner

39

45.9%

24

44.4%

15

48.4%

0.783

 Living with children: Yes

74

87.1%

47

87.0%

27

87.1%

0.829