Table 1 Factors associated with post-discharge suicide among psychiatric patients
Individual level | Interpersonal and communal level | Societal and cultural level |
|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | • Social isolation | Mental health service factors |
• Gender | • Relationship conflicts, discord or loss | • Substandard mental health care during hospitalization |
• Age | • Interpersonal violence and/or trauma | • Insufficient mental health service after discharge |
• Marriage | • Conflicts with doctors during hospitalization | • Transition to new physicians, psychotherapist, and counselor |
• Education | • Financial difficulties | • Treatment regimen |
• Income | • Lack of social support | • Availability to social worker service |
• Solitary | • Involuntary admission | |
Psychiatric illness-related factors | • Discharge against medical advice | |
• Psychiatric diagnosis | • Brief hospitalization stay | |
• Severity of symptoms | • Quality of family-based care | |
• History of self-harm | Socio-cultural factors | |
• Previous suicide attempts | • Stigma associated with help-seeking behaviors | |
• Previous psychiatric hospitalization | • Mental health policies | |
• Re-admission or relapse within 3 months | • Social welfare | |
• Illness duration < 12 months | • Access to means | |
Others | • Inappropriate media reporting and social media use | |
• Physical illness and chronic disabilities | ||
• Work-related stress | ||
• Unemployment | ||
• Adverse life events | ||
• Difficulties in adapting to a new environment | ||
• Regimen compliance | ||
• Tolerance to side effects |