Table 4 Association between multiple high-risk fertility behaviours and sexual violence among women in sub-Saharan Africa
Variable | Model O | Model I AOR [95% CI] | Model II AOR [95% CI] | Model III AOR [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effect model | ||||
Sexual violence | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.14** [1.05, 1.25] | 1.11* [1.02, 1.21] | ||
Women’s age | ||||
15–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
25–29 | 3.49*** [3.06, 3.97] | 3.60*** [3.16, 4.11] | ||
30–34 | 5.25*** [4.63, 5.95] | 5.58*** [4.92, 6.34] | ||
35–39 | 34.95*** [31.14, 39.23] | 38.33*** [34.09, 43.10] | ||
40–44 | 88.96*** [78.60, 100.68] | 101.6*** [89.66, 115.20] | ||
45–49 | 107.5*** [94.04, 122.85] | 125.8*** [109.74, 144.14] | ||
Women’s educational level | ||||
No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary | 0.77*** [0.73, 0.82] | 0.80*** [0.75, 0.85] | ||
Secondary | 0.46*** [0.42, 0.51] | 0.59*** [0.54, 0.65] | ||
Higher | 0.29*** [0.24, 0.34] | 0.42*** [0.35, 0.51] | ||
Marital status | ||||
Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Cohabiting | 1.00 [0.93, 1.07] | 0.98 [0.91, 1.06] | ||
Current working status | ||||
Not working | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Working | 0.99 [0.93, 1.05] | 0.92** [0.86, 0.98] | ||
Exposed to listening to radio | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.93* [0.88, 0.99] | 0.96 [0.90, 1.02] | ||
Exposed to watching television | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.81*** [0.76, 0.86] | 1.00 [0.93, 1.07] | ||
Exposed to reading newspaper | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.72*** [0.66, 0.79] | 0.79*** [0.72, 0.87] | ||
Age at first sex | ||||
20 years and above | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Below 20 years | 1.07* [1.00, 1.15] | 1.02 [0.95, 1.09] | ||
Age at first union | ||||
Below 15 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
15–17 years | 0.95 [0.87, 1.05] | 0.95 [0.87, 1.04] | ||
18 years and above | 0.79*** [0.72, 0.86] | 0.80*** [0.73, 0.87] | ||
Contraceptive use | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.06 [0.99, 1.12] | 1.11*** [1.05, 1.19] | ||
Sex of household head | ||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 0.91*** [0.86, 0.96] | 0.80*** [0.75, 0.86] | ||
Wealth index | ||||
Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Poorer | 0.90*** [0.84, 0.95] | 0.87*** [0.80, 0.94] | ||
Middle | 0.90** [0.85, 0.96] | 0.83*** [0.76, 0.90] | ||
Richer | 0.77*** [0.72, 0.83] | 0.69*** [0.63, 0.76] | ||
Richest | 0.55*** [0.51, 0.61] | 0.49*** [0.44, 0.55] | ||
Place of residence | ||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rural | 1.20*** [1.13, 1.28] | 1.12** [1.04, 1.21] | ||
Subregions | ||||
Southern | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Central | 2.59*** [2.12, 3.17] | 5.34*** [4.23, 6.74] | ||
Eastern | 2.49*** [2.05, 3.03] | 4.36*** [3.47, 5.48] | ||
Western | 2.42*** [1.99, 2.95] | 3.92*** [3.11, 4.93] | ||
Random effect model | ||||
PSU variance (95% CI) | 0.406 [0.320, 0.516] | 0.588 [0.473, 0.732] | 0.368 [0.291, 0.466] | 0.551 [0.441, 0.689] |
ICC | 0.110 | 0.152 | 0.101 | 0.143 |
Wald chi-square | Reference | 12241.67 (< 0.001) | 508.94 (< 0.001) | 12,566.10 (< 0.001) |
Model fitness | ||||
Log-likelihood | -173971.44 | -116926.66 | -171933.35 | -115356.12 |
AIC | 347946.9 | 233893.3 | 343888.7 | 230770.2 |
N | 88011 | 88011 | 88011 | 88011 |
Number of clusters | 1395 | 1395 | 1395 | 1395 |