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Table 3 Association of current smokeless tobacco use and smoking behaviour among male participants former or currently smoke, SAB 2018–2022

From: Smokeless and combustible tobacco use among 148,944 South Asian adults: a cross-sectional study of South Asia Biobank

SLT use status f

Quit attempt a

 

Smoking cessation b

N (%)c

OR (95% CI)

 

N (%)c

OR (95% CI)

Bangladesh

     

Never SLT use

3664 (55.5)

1 [reference]

 

1971 (19.8)

1 [reference]

Ever SLT use d

1410 (56.0)

1.07 (0.97, 1.18)

 

2463 (47.6)

2.88 (2.65, 3.13)

Never/former SLT use

3927 (55.8)

1 [reference]

 

2420 (22.2)

1 [reference]

Current SLT use e

1147 (54.9)

1.01 (0.91, 1.12)

 

2014 (46.8)

2.71 (2.48, 2.97)

 Current, 0–3 sessions/day

239 (55.6)

0.96 (0.79, 1.17)

 

198 (29.6)

1.27 (1.06, 1.54)

 Current, 4–5 sessions/day

385 (57.7)

1.13 (0.96, 1.14)

 

595 (46.1)

2.29 (2.00, 2.62)

 Current, ≥ 6 sessions/day

523 (52.7)

0.96 (0.84, 1.11)

 

1221 (52.9)

3.68 (3.31, 4.09)

 P for trend

 

0.401

  

< 0.001

India

     

Never SLT use

680 (45.0)

1 [reference]

 

450 (20.5)

1 [reference]

Ever SLT use d

275 (57.0)

1.30 (1.03, 1.66)

 

271 (28.5)

2.02 (1.63, 2.50)

Never/former SLT use

742 (46.4)

1 [reference]

 

524 (21.8)

1 [reference]

Current SLT use e

213 (53.8)

1.11 (0.86, 1.44)

 

197 (25.9)

1.62 (1.29, 1.63)

 Current, 0–3 sessions/day

112 (56.7)

1.37 (0.97, 1.92)

 

67 (19.2)

1.18 (0.86, 1.63)

 Current, 4–5 sessions/day

40 (51.9)

1.00 (0.60, 1.67)

 

58 (36.1)

2.32 (1.58, 3.42)

 Current, ≥ 6 sessions/day

61 (50.0)

0.85 (0.57, 1.28)

 

72 (29.2)

1.84 (1.31, 2.59)

 P for trend

 

0.886

  

< 0.001

Sri Lanka

     

Never SLT use

625 (49.2)

1 [reference]

 

954 (40.4)

1 [reference]

Ever SLT use d

217 (54.6)

1.19 (0.93, 1.52)

 

400 (46.9)

1.36 (1.14, 1.62)

Never/former SLT use

644 (49.4)

1 [reference]

 

1033 (41.5)

1 [reference]

Current SLT use e

198 (54.6)

1.21 (0.94, 1.55)

 

321(44.1)

1.18 (0.98, 1.62)

 Current, 0–3 sessions/day

103 (56.1)

1.27 (0.91, 1.77)

 

89 (29.6)

0.74 (0.56, 0.99)

 Current, 4–5 sessions/day

43 (52.7)

1.19 (0.74, 1.93)

 

96 (54.0)

1.43 (1.03, 1.99)

 Current, ≥ 6 sessions/day

52 (52.7)

1.10 (0.72, 1.70)

 

136 (55.4)

1.73 (1.29, 2.31)

 P for trend

 

0.670

  

0.001

  1. Abbreviations: SLT, smokeless tobacco; OR, odds ratio
  2. aResponded “yes” to the question “During the past 12 months, have you tried to stop smoking? The question is applicable only to current smokers
  3. bReported ever smoked tobacco product, but do not currently smoke, and abstained from smoking 1 or more years
  4. cUnweighted number of individuals made quitting attempt (smoking cessation) and weighted row percentages
  5. dReporting using smokeless tobacco currently or in the past
  6. eReported using smokeless tobacco currently. Smokeless tobacco use intensity is derived from answer to the question “on average, how many of the following products do you use each day”. If a respondent currently uses multiple smokeless tobacco products, the numbers are added up. The reference group is “never/former SLT use”
  7. fAll estimations adjusted for age and education attainment; study site was incorporated as a random effect to account for clustering and dependence within geographical locations. Pakistan sample was excluded from the analysis due to unstable estimation resulting from small number of current smokeless tobacco users
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BMC Public Health

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