How is the COVID-19 pandemic impacting our life, mental health, and well-being? Design and preliminary findings of the pan-Canadian longitudinal COHESION study

Table 3 Residential social and environmental measures (N = 1,268)

Indexes	N	Percent
Urbanization degree ^=a
Large center	891	70.4 %
Medium center	102	8.1 %
Small center	138	10.9 %
Rural	135	10.7 %
Surrounding greenness (NDVI) ^b
<0.28	254	20.1 %
0.28-0.36	259	20.5 %
0.36-0.43	266	21.0 %
0.43-0.51	233	18.4 %
≥0.51	253	20.0 %
Material deprivation index ^c
Quintile 1	295	24.5 %
Quintile 2	279	23.2 %
Quintile 3	257	21.4 %
Quintile 4	203	16.9 %
Quintile 5	169	14.0 %
Social deprivation index ^c
Quintile 1	162	13.5 %
Quintile 2	162	13.5 %
Quintile 3	199	16.5 %
Quintile 4	251	20.9 %
Quintile 5	429	35.7 %

^aAccording to Statistics Canada classification, “small”, “medium” and “large” centers correspond to areas including between 1,000 and 29,999, between 30,000 and 99,999, and 100,000 and more inhabitants, respectively, while “rural area” is a residual value gathering all areas located outside population centers (at the four-digit code area level; data 2016) [52].
^bQuintiles of the growing season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the COHESION Study cohort (at the six-digit code area level; data 2019) [53, 54].
^cQuintiles of the distribution over the whole Canadian territory (at the Canadian Census dissemination area level; data 2016) [51].

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