Table 2 Correctly identified risk/protective factors for dementia, by country (percent)

Cognitive activity

88.8

80.2

0.005

88.7

81.7

0.042

1.1/4.4

Physical activity

86.8

65.9

< 0.001

86.7

63.1

< 0.001

1.5/3.8

Healthy diet

66.5

51.4

< 0.001

66.3

48.5

< 0.001

1.5/4.4

Depression

63.5

42.3

< 0.001

63.2

40.6

< 0.001

3.7/3.8

Low/moderate alcohol consumption

63.4

27.0

< 0.001

63.1

26.4

< 0.001

3.0/3.2

Smoking

49.2

35.7

0.001

48.8

32.8

0.001

7.4/3.2

Elevated cholesterol

34.9

25.8

0.020

34.8

20.2

< 0.001

11.9/4.4

Hypertension

34.0

30.6

0.390

33.9

27.7

0.198

10.7/3.2

Obesity

28.4

25.1

0.364

28.2

21.1

0.085

4.8/3.8

Heart disease

18.3

15.5

0.375

18.4

13.0

0.129

8.9/4.4

Poor personal hygiene (sham item)

16.2

6.3

< 0.001

15.9

7.4

0.014

3.7/3.8

Chronic kidney disease

12.0

9.4

0.330

12.1

11.1

0.766

16.7/4.4

Having children (sham item)

2.3

0.6

0.079

2.3

0.2

< 0.001

3.0/4.4

Number of correctly identified risk/protective factors, mean (SD)

7.6 (2.5)

6.2 (3.2)

< 0.001

7.6 (2.5)

6.0 (4.3)

< 0.001