Table 1 Measures used by retained papers to examine CR and SC.

SC

Social capital and Community Engagement subscale of the Community Resources Scale

[60]

American Community Survey five-year estimate

[39]

12-item instrument that includes perceived availability of different types of assistance during disaster(s)

[37]

The PSCI-16

[46]

Six scales adapted scales from another research study.

[41]

SA-SCAT

[55]

Community-level social capital was obtained as the average score of individual responses to a social capital scale

[49]

Neighbourhood Collective Efficacy Scale

[35]

Structural and Cognitive SC

SA-SCAT

[54, 57]

Cognitive social capital measure involved measures of perceived trust, fairness, helpfulness, consideration, participation and community involvement.

Structural social capital was measured using estimates on provided and received help measured in person-days during the response and recovery phase.

[59]

Questionnaire with items measuring: residents’ perceptions of trust in the community, norms of mutual help, and community attachment; and the frequency of meeting with friends, the number of friends with whom the respondent met during the past month, and the frequency participating in sports and hobby clubs per week

[42]

Items derived from the Sense of Community Index and Informal Social Control. Community participation.

[40]

Measure of generalised trust: i.e. Would you say that most people can generally be trusted?

[50]

Structural social capital was measured using the Association Scale, which was adapted from the Social Network and Association Scales.

Cognitive social capital was measured according to respondents’ perception of three aspects, namely sense of community, trust, and social connectedness.

[45]

Cognitive social capital was measured by asking about perception of fairness, trust and reciprocity toward the community a participant belonged to.

Structural social capital was measured by social support and social participation.

[48]

Bonding and Bridging SC

Persian version of the Bonding and Bridging social capital Questionnaire

[58]

CR

Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART)

[38]

Community resilience mapping and earthquake impact analysis sections of the 2011 and 2012 community profiles created by the Christchurch Community Advisors

[56]

Community Social Cohesion

Questionnaire relating to residents’ perceptions of trust in the community, levels of mutual help, and community attachment

[36]

Neighbourhood Connectedness

Two questions asked:

How often do you talk with your neighbours?

How often do you tell your neighbours about your troubles or vice versa?

[44]

Social Support at the Community level

Calculation relating to social support and social participation by prefabricated temporary housing communities

[47]

Community Connectedness

Personal Wellbeing Index

[43]

Sense of Community

Brief Sense of Community Scale

[53]