Table 1 Survey-weighted characteristics of participants classified by liver status

Age, Mean ± SD (years)

49.06 ± 17.27

52.17 ± 15.23

< 0.001

BMI, Mean ± SD (kg/m²)

24.70 ± 3.28

33.92 ± 6.15

< 0.001

FLI, Mean ± SD

26.03 ± 17.25

83.73 ± 12.01

< 0.001

Energy intake, Mean ± SD (kcal/d)

2,137.69 ± 935.77

2,194.37 ± 971.01

0.223

Carbohydrate intake, Mean ± SD (g/d)

261.73 ± 119.81

262.11 ± 127.77

0.955

Dietary fiber intake, Mean ± SD (g/d)

16.57 ± 9.20

16.03 ± 8.99

0.180

PUFA intake, Mean ± SD (g/d)

17.86 ± 11.17

17.92 ± 11.51

0.914

Gender, n(%)

Male

11,254,415 (38.16)

12,470,130 (54.60)

< 0.001

Female

18,236,220 (61.84)

10,367,809 (45.40)

Race, n(%)

Black

2,616,194 (8.87)

2,628,231 (11.51)

0.014

White

22,464,048 (76.17)

17,365,814 (76.04)

Mexican

1,699,085 (5.76)

1,485,682 (6.51)

Other

2,711,308 (9.19)

1,358,212 (5.95)

Education level, n(%)

Less than high school

1,552,942 (5.27)

1,466,644 (6.42)

0.002

High school

9,624,893 (32.64)

9,145,431 (40.04)

More than high school

18,312,800 (62.10)

12,225,864 (53.53)

Diet soft drink consumption, n(%)

Never

15,722,533 (53.31)

9,546,596 (41.80)

< 0.001

Rarely

1,488,279 (5.05)

1,313,197 (5.75)

Sometimes

3,821,605 (12.96)

3,151,320 (13.80)

Always

8,458,218 (28.68)

8,826,826 (38.65)

Physical intensity, n(%)

No

5,694,783 (19.31)

3,460,523 (15.15)

< 0.001

Mild

5,801,320 (19.67)

6,538,080 (28.63)

Moderate

16,006,289 (54.28)

11,597,612 (50.78)

Heavy

1,988,243 (6.74)

1,241,723 (5.44)

Smoke, n(%)

Never

16,745,750 (56.78)

11,094,447 (48.58)

0.004

Former

7,626,610 (25.86)

7,423,224 (32.50)

Now

5,118,275 (17.36)

4,320,268 (18.92)

Hypertension, n(%)

No

20,466,525 (69.40)

10,645,657 (46.61)

< 0.001

Yes

9,024,110 (30.60)

12,192,282 (53.39)

Hyperlipidemia, n(%)

No

9,685,989 (32.84)

2,644,232 (11.58)

< 0.001

Yes

19,804,646 (67.16)

20,193,707 (88.42)

Diabetes mellitus, n(%)

No

27,696,909 (93.92)

17,675,152 (77.39)

< 0.001

Yes

1,793,726 (6.08)

5,162,787 (22.61)