Table 1 Frequency and distribution of different variables by group (case & control)
Variables | Case (n= 113) | Control (n= 452) | P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | |||
Education (year)a | 4.15 (4.29) | 4.87 (4.99) | 0.16b |
Residency | |||
 Urban | 80 (70.80) | 240 (53.10) | 0.001 |
 Rural | 33 (29.20) | 212 (46.90) | |
Socio-economic status | |||
 Poor | 44 (38.94) | 191 (42.26) | 0.12 |
 Moderate | 45 (39.82) | 137 (30.31) | |
 High | 24 (21.24) | 124 (27.43) | |
Smoking status | |||
 Non-smoker & Passive smoker | 95 (84.07) | 374 (83.30) | 0.89 |
 Current & Ex-smokers | 18 (15.93) | 75 (16.70) | |
Alcohol consumption | |||
 Yes | 3 (2.65) | 13 (2.88) | 0.89 |
 No | 110 (97.35) | 439 (97.12) | |
Physical activity (MET h/day) | |||
 Low | 37 (32.74) | 131 (28.98) | 0.03 |
 Moderate | 57 (50.44) | 233 (51.55) | |
 High | 19 (16.81) | 88 (19.47) | |
Anthropometrya | |||
 Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 30.10 (4.73) | 26.79 (4.73) | <0.001c |
 Waist Circumference, cm | 101.59 (9.74) | 95.96 (9.97) | <0.001c |
 Waist-to-height ratio | 0.97 (0.06) | 0.93 (0.05) | <0.001c |
Sleep duration (per 24 h) | |||
 <6 h | 13 (11.50) | 46 (10.18) | 0.02 |
 6-7 h | 51 (45.13) | 244 (53.98) | |
 ≥8 h | 49 (43.36) | 162 (35.84) | |
Falling sleep duration | |||
 <15 min | 77 (68.14) | 283 (62.61) | 0.27 |
 ≥15 min | 36 (31.86) | 169 (37.39) | |
Healthy pattern (dietary) | |||
 Tertile 1 | 27 (23.89) | 162 (35.84) | 0.04 |
 Tertile 2 | 41 (36.28) | 147 (32.52) | |
 Tertile 3 | 45 (39.82) | 143 (31.64) | |
Unhealthy pattern (dietary) | |||
 Tertile 1 | 35 (30.97) | 154 (34.07) | 0.24 |
 Tertile 2 | 45 (39.82) | 143 (31.64) | |
 Tertile 3 | 33 (29.20) | 155 (34.29) | |
Total energy (Kcal/day)a | 2540.77 (687.19) | 2422.86 (722.86) | 0.11 |
Macronutrients | |||
 Protien (gr/day) | 387.43 (112.68) | 373.62 (115.87) | 0.07 |
 Carbohydrate (gr/day) | 86.05 (30.68) | 80.43 (28.71) | 0.25 |
 Fat (gr/day) | 76.23 (26.32) | 71.03 (26.10) | 0.06 |
Comorbidities (yes) | |||
 Dyslipidemia | 60 (53.10) | 157 (34.73) | <0.001 |
 Metabolic syndrome | 62 (54.86) | 63 (13.93) | <0.001 |
 Thyroid disease | 16 (14.16) | 43 (9.51) | 0.14 |
Family history of diabetes (yes) | 48 (42.48) | 103 (22.79) | <0.001 |
Blood pressurea | |||
 Systolic | 107.39 (12.59) | 102.96 (12.72) | 0.001c |
 Diastolic | 69.58 (8.05) | 67.03 (7.80) | 0.002c |