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Table 2 Bivariate differences of between youth aged 16–24 living in eThekwini District of South Africa who did and did not experience physical intimate partner violence (n = 1528) and who did and did not perpetrate physical intimate partner (n = 1525) violence during the COVID-19 pandemic

From: Examining gender and sexual orientation differences in physical intimate partner violence experienced and perpetrated by youth living in eThekwini district South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Experienced physical IPV

Odds ratio

Perpetrated physical IPV

Odds ratio

 

No

1305 (85.4)

Yes

223 (14.6)

 

No

1375 (90.2)

Yes

150 (9.8)

 

Exposure of interest: sexual orientation and gender identity

    

Heterosexual women

636 (86.1)

103 (13.9)

Ref

681 (92.3)

57 (7.7)

0.73 (0.50–1.07)

Heterosexual men

497 (87.7)

70 (12.3)

0.87 (0.63–1.20)

507 (89.7)

58 (10.3)

Ref

GBQM

39 (78.0)

11 (22.0)

1.74 (0.86–3.51)

45 (90.0)

5 (10.0)

0.97 (0.37–2.54)

LBQW

70 (81.8)

18 (18.2)

1.59 (0.91–2.77)

72 (83.3)

16 (18.2)

1.94 (1.06–3.56)

Non-conforming

63 (75.0)

21(25.0)

2.06 (1.20–3.52)

70 (5.1)

14 (16.7)

1.75 (0.93–3.30)

Potential confounders

    

Age mean, SD

21.60 (2.42)

22.51 (1.64)

1.22 (1.13–1.31)

21.68 (2.40)

22.33 (1.64)

1.15 (1.05–1.24)

Race/ethnicity

      

Black

955 (86.0)

155 (14.0)

Ref

1007 (90.9)

101 (9.1)

Ref

Coloured

127 (73.0)

47 (27.0)

2.28 (1.57–3.32)

135 (77.6)

39 (22.4)

2.88 (1.91–4.34)

white, Indian, or Asian

223 (91.4)

21 (8.6)

0.58 (0.36–0.94)

233 (95.9)

10 (4.1)

0.43 (0.22–0.83)

Employed and/or in school

      

Yes

918 (86.5)

143 (13.6)

0.75 (0.56–1.02)

963 (90.9)

97 (9.2)

0.78 (0.55–1.12)

No

387 (82.9)

80 (17.1)

Ref

412 (88.6)

53 (11.4)

Ref

Increased hardship during the pandemic

      

No

651 (88.8)

82 (11.2)

Ref

670 (91.7)

61 (8.3)

Ref

Yes

654 (82.2)

141 (17.7)

1.71 (1.28–2.29)

705(88.8)

89 (11.2)

1.39 (0.98–1.95)

Relationship status

      

No relationship

154 (81.9)

34 (18.1)

Ref

158 (84.9)

28 (15.1)

Ref

In relationship, living together

99 (66.0)

51 (34.0)

2.33 (1.41–3.85)

115 (76.7)

35 (23.3)

1.72 (0.99–2.98)

In relationship not living together

1052 (88.4)

138 (11.6)

0.59 (0.39–0.90)

1102 (92.7)

87 (7.3)

0.45 (0.28–0.70)

Any Children

      

Yes

530 (81.0)

124 (19.05)

1.83 (1.38–2.44)

568 (87.0)

85 (13.0)

1.86 (1.32–2.61)

No

775(88.7)

99(11.3)

Ref

807(92.5)

65(7.5)

Ref

Alcohol use during the pandemic

     

once or twice per week or more

308 (77.29)

91 (22.8)

Ref

328 (82.4)

70 (17.6)

Ref

less than monthly or once a month

469 (90.5)

49 (9.5)

0.35 (0.24–0.51)

497 (95.9)

21 (4.1)

0.20 (0.12–0.33)

never

528 (86.4)

83 (13.6)

0.53 (0.38–0.74)

550 (90.3)

59 (9.7)

0.50 (0.35–0.73)

Increased mental stress during the pandemic

      

Yes

709 (84.3)

132 (15.7)

Ref

763 (90.8)

77 (9.2)

Ref

No

596 (86.8)

91 (13.2)

0.82 (0.61–1.09)

612 (89.3)

73 (10.7)

1.18 (0.84–1.66)

  1. Proportions for small cell sizes < 5 or < 10 were provided as a range to protect anonymity
  2. GBQM, gay, bisexual, or questioning men; LBQW, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning women
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