Table 2 Reported total costs and adjusted costs for the financial year 2022 of health anxiety/hypochondriasis
From: The global economic burden of health anxiety/hypochondriasis- a systematic review
Country | Source of cost information | Diagnostic assessment tool | Type of costs | Period of measurement | Total cost per patient per year | Currency | Total annual per capita costs converted to US$ adjusted for the financial year 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USA [18] | Hospital administrative and accounting databases | Whiteley Index | Direct outpatient cost: 1) physician contacts (primary and specialized care). 2) labs and procedures. | a) preceding 12 months to index visit b) following 12 months | a)\(\ge\)ST: 1312.00* b)\(\ge\)ST: 1395.00* | US dollars (financial year not reported) | a)\(\ge\)ST: 1964.91 b)\(\ge\)ST: 2089.21 |
Denmark [19] | National Health Service Register, National Patient Register, National Psychiatric Central Register, National Board of Health | Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) | Direct outpatient cost: 1) primary and specialized care 2) medicines Other direct costs: 3) general hospital care (including emergency room care) 4) psychiatric care | a) preceding 36 months to index visit b) following 24 months | mild HA: a) 512.00 b) 672.00 severe HA: a) 1766.00 b) 1533.00 DSM-IV: a) 1200.00 b) 1099.00 | Euros adjusted for the financial year 2004 | mild HA: a) 857.19 b) 1125.06 severe HA: a) 2956.62 b) 2566.54 DSM-IV: a) 2009.03 b) 1839.94 |
United Kingdom [26] | Hospital records | Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV hypochondriasis | Direct outpatient cost: 1) general practitioner contacts, 2) medication 3) community health and social care contacts Other direct costs: 4) hospital services, 5) inpatient accommodation | 24 months | 3863.70 | GBP adjusted for the financial year 2008-09 | 7088.98 |
United Kingdom [21] | National Health Service | Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) | Direct outpatient cost: 1) hospital visits, 2) primary and community care Other direct cost: 3) hospital visits 4) medication 5) travel 6) informal care | 12 months | 3261.00 | GBP adjusted for the financial year 2017 | 5161.18 |
United Kingdom [25] | National Health Service | Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) | Direct cost for primary and secondary health service use: 1) primary care contacts 2) out-patient appointments 3) in-patient stays 4) A&E attendances | 12 months | 634.00 | GBP adjusted for the financial year 2004-05 | 1294.95 |
Sweden [20] | Official health-care tariffs | Health Anxiety Interview Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) The Illness Attitude Scale Whiteley Index | Direct outpatient cost: 1) healthcare visits 2) medications Other direct costs: 3) non-medical Indirect costs: 4) unemployment 5) sick leave 6) work cutback 7) domestic productivity | 12 months | 8536.00 | GBP adjusted for the financial year 2010 | 15179.29 |
Denmark [24] | National Health Service Register | Whiteley Index Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) | Direct outpatient costs: 1) general practitioners 2) psychiatrists 3) medical specialists 4) psychologist 5) therapists 6) other Secondary care 7) somatic hospital inpatient 8) somatic hospital outpatient 9) psychiatric hospital outpatient Indirect costs 10) productivity loss (sick leave) | a) baseline b) 6 months | a) 1700.00 b) 1289.00 | Euro adjusted for the financial year 2018 | a) 2366.83 b) 1794.61 |
Sweden [17] | Official health-care tariffs, market prices, human capital approach | Mini international neuropsychiatric interview | Direct outpatient costs 1) healthcare visits 2) medication Other direct costs 3) non-medical Indirect Costs 4) unemployment 5) sick leave 6) work cutback 7) domestic | a) baseline b) post-treatment | a) 12768.00 b) 7872.00 | GBP adjusted for the financial year 2014 | a) 21170.71 b) 13052.62 |
Denmark [22] | National Health Service Register | Childhood Illness Attitude Scale | Direct outpatient cost 1) primary and specialized care contacts 2) lab tests 3) x-rays | 24 months | Low HA: 80.96 Intermediate HA: 115.18 High HA: 154.99 | Euro adjusted for the financial year 2014 | Low HA: 120.52 Intermediate HA: 171.47 High HA: 230.73 |
Denmark [23] | National Health Service Register | Childhood Illness Attitude Scale | Direct outpatient cost 1) primary and specialized care contacts 2) lab tests 3) x-rays | 12 months | Low HA 2011/2012: 124.00 2015/2016: 115.00 High HA 2011/2012: 246.00 2015/2016: 191.00 | Euro adjusted for the financial year 2016 | Low HA 2011/2012: 177.98 2015/2016: 165.06 High HA 2011/2012: 353.09 2015/2016: 274.15 |