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Table 4 Hazard Ratios (HR) of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with ever parity, number of children in the household (continuous and categorical), and with combinations of number of children and their sex – Cox regression models. Women 25–45 at baseline

From: Child rearing or childbearing? Risk of cardiovascular diseases associated to parity and number of children

Exposure

n. CVD cases

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Ever parity

747

1.32

1.04–1.68

1.30

1.02–1.66

1.32

1.04–1.69

Number of childrena

-

1.14

1.05–1.23

1.13

1.05–1.23

1.14

1.05–1.23

0 children (ref.)

75

1

-

1

-

1

 

1 child

221

1.18

0.91–1.54

1.17

0.89–1.52

1.18

0.90–1.54

2 children

406

1.42

1.10–1.83

1.41

1.10–1.82

1.44

1.12–1.86

3 + children

120

1.39

1.03–1.87

1.35

1.00–1.83

1.38

1.02–1.86

0 children (ref.)

75

1

-

1

-

1

-

1 son

109

1.11

0.83–1.50

1.09

0.81–1.47

1.11

0.82–1.49

1 daughter

112

1.26

0.94–1.69

1.25

0.93–1.68

1.26

0.94–1.69

1 son and 1 daughter

224

1.53

1.17–2.00

1.52

1.16–1.99

1.55

1.18–2.02

>  = 2 sons

148

1.22

0.92–1.63

1.22

0.91–1.62

1.24

0.93–1.65

>  = 2 daughters

144

1.44

1.08–1.93

1.41

1.06–1.89

1.44

1.08–1.92

>  = 2 sons and >  = 2 daughters

10

2.19

1.12–4.27

2.15

1.10–4.20

2.19

1.12–4.29

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, geographic area of residence, educational level, year of the baseline survey, employment status. Model 2: further adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, SF-12 Physical Component Summary, smoking, leisure physical activity, BMI. Model 3: further adjusted for medium/heavy domestic work, number of other household members, presence of components with severe physical limitations. Bold font indicates significance at the 5% level
  2. aContinuous variable