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Table 1 Hazard Ratios (HR) of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with ever parity, number of children in the household (continuous and categorical), and with combinations of number of children and their sex – Cox regression models. Men 25–45 at baseline

From: Child rearing or childbearing? Risk of cardiovascular diseases associated to parity and number of children

Exposure

n. CVD cases

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Ever parity

1,226

1.11

0.95–1.30

1.09

0.94–1.28

1.08

0.93–1.26

Number of childrena

-

1.08

1.02–1.15

1.07

1.00–1.13

1.06

1.00–1.13

0 children (ref.)

196

1

 

1

-

1

-

1 child

416

1.05

0.88–1.24

1.04

0.88–1.24

1.03

0.87–1.22

2 children

625

1.14

0.97–1.35

1.12

0.95–1.33

1.11

0.94–1.31

3 + children

181

1.26

1.02–1.56

1.20

0.97–1.49

1.19

0.96–1.48

0 children (ref.)

196

1

-

1

-

1

-

1 son

220

1.07

0.88–1.30

1.06

0.87–1.29

1.05

0.87–1.28

1 daughter

196

1.03

0.84–1.25

1.02

0.84–1.24

1.01

0.82–1.23

1 son and 1 daughter

321

1.16

0.96–1.39

1.13

0.94–1.35

1.11

0.92–1.34

>  = 2 sons

279

1.24

1.03–1.51

1.21

1.00–1.47

1.20

0.99–1.46

>  = 2 daughters

179

1.09

0.89–1.33

1.07

0.87–1.31

1.06

0.86–1.30

>  = 2 sons and >  = 2 daughters

7

0.87

0.41–1.86

0.89

0.42–1.90

0.87

0.41–1.86

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, geographic area of residence, educational level, employment status, year of the baseline survey. Model 2: further adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, SF-12 Physical Component Summary, smoking, leisure physical activity, BMI. Model 3: further adjusted for medium/heavy domestic work, number of other household members, presence of components with severe physical limitations. Bold font indicates significance at the 5% level
  2. aContinuous variable