A systematic review of the direct and indirect COVID-19’s impact on food security and its dimensions: pre-and post-comparative analysis

Table 2 Included studies’ risk of bias assessment results

Studies	Assessment questions/checklist								Over all appraisal
Studies	Q1. Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?	Q2. Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?	Q3. Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?	Q4. Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?	Q5. Were confounding factors identified?	Q6. Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?	Q7. Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?	Q8. Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Over all appraisal
Ahmed et al. [30]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN
Faridi & Furqan [32]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	IN
Gaitán-Rossi et al. [33]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN
Giacoman et al. [34]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN
Hamadani et al. [35]	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	IN
Kansiime et al. [16]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN
Kharroubi et al. [36]	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN
Mialki et al. [31]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN
Niles et al. [18]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN
Pakravan-Charvadeh et al. [25]	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IN

^{Answer alternatives for each item are}^{: Y}^{es, No, Unclear, Note Applicable (N/A)}
^{Over all appraisal alternatives are}^{: i}^{nclude (IN), exclude (EX), seek further information (SFI)}
^{Q stands for “question”}

ISSN: 1471-2458