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Table 2 Associations between Medicaid or any kind of government medical assistance and poverty/government financial support using logistic regression

From: Health insurance coverage and poverty status of postpartum women in the United States in 2019: an ACS-PUMS population-based cross-sectional study

 

Poverty a

Having public assistance income b

Having supplementary security income b

 

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Medicaid, medical assistance, or any kind of government-assistance

      

 Yes, n (%)

576,529 (19.0)

516,525 (64.4)

958,419 (87.7)

134,635 (12.3)

1,052,931 (96.3)

40,123 (3.7)

 No, n (%)

2,460,147 (81.0)

286,069 (35.6)

2,735,134 (99.6)

11,082 (0.4)

2,737,920 (99.7)

8296 (0.3)

Age and race adjusted model (Ref.: no) c

      

 Odds ratios

Ref.

6.62 (6.09 ~ 7.19)

Ref.

34.00 (25.58 ~ 45.20)

Ref.

15.12 (10.85 ~ 21.07)

 Relative risks

Ref.

3.99 (3.74 ~ 4.24)

Ref.

29.74 (21.59 ~ 37.90)

Ref.

14.56 (9.84 ~ 19.28)

Multivariable adjusted model (Ref.: no) c

      

 Odds ratios

Ref.

3.15 (2.85 ~ 3.48)

Ref.

24.52 (17.31 ~ 34.73)

Ref.

4.22 (2.81 ~ 6.36)

 Relative risks

Ref.

2.88 (2.44 ~ 3.32)

Ref.

20.68 (13.53 ~ 27.84)

Ref.

4.07 (2.50 ~ 5.65)

  1. Note: Poverty (< 100%) vs. no poverty (≥ 100%) was defined according to income-to-poverty ratio. In this table, public health coverage is the exposure and poverty status/government financial support is the outcome of interest
  2. a In multivariable adjusted logistic models, we adjusted age (continuous), race (White alone, Black or African American alone, American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, Asian or some other race, two or more races), region (northeast, midwest, south, west), nativity (native, foreign born), marital status (now married spouse present, now married spouse absent, widowed, divorced, separated, never married), educational attainment (less than high school, regular high school diploma, GED or alternative credential, some college but no degree, associate degree or bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctorate degree or professional degree beyond a bachelor’s degree), language other than English spoken at home (yes speaks another language, no speaks only English), ambulatory difficulty (yes, no), cognitive difficulty (yes, no), disability (with a disability, without a disability), employment status (civilian employed at work, civilian employed with a job but not at work, unemployed, armed forces at work, not in labor force, armed forces with a job but not at work); b In multivariable adjusted logistic models, we excluded region and employment status and added class of worker (employee of a private for-profit company or business, or of an individual, for wages, salary, or commissions, employee of a private not-for-profit, tax-exempt, or charitable organization, local government employee, state government employee, federal government employee, self-employed in own not incorporated business professional practice or farm, self-employed in own incorporated business professional practice or farm, working without pay in family business or farm, unemployed and last worked 5 years ago or earlier or never worked) for covariate adjustment; c Values indicate adjusted odds ratios/relative risks (95% confidence intervals)
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BMC Public Health

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