Table 1 Measles outbreaks linked to anthroposophic communities

Järna, Sweden [23]

2012

16

N/A

Unclear^a

N/A

Falunders, Belgium [24]

2011

41

65

Pre-school, spread to Waldorf school

Vaccination campaigns and discussion with an anthroposophic clinic

Isolation of cases was successful. Spread could be halted

Offenburg, Germany [25]

2011

34

34

Waldorf school

Closure of school

Freiburg [25]

2011

5

5

Waldorf school

If children were unvaccinated they could not attend school until epidemic was over

Berlin [26]

2011

20

73

From community to Waldorf school

School exclusion of unvaccinated children was swiftly implemented

Berlin, Germany [25]

2010

62

62

Waldorf school

N/A

Essen, Germany [25]

2010

30

71

Waldorf School

N/A

Styria, Austria [27]

2009

12

25

From general population to Waldorf school

Prompt two-week closure of the anthroposophic school and the prompt isolation of cases at home for the period of communicability

Salzburg, Austria [5,25, 28]

2008

123

394

Waldorf school student from Switzerland

School closure, isolation, offering MMR vaccination free of charge to the population younger than 15 years

Germany [28]

2008

53

394

Waldorf school student from Switzerland (across Waldorf schools)

School closure, isolation, offering MMR vaccination free of charge to the population younger than 15 years

Norway [28]

2008

4

394

Waldorf school student from Switzerland

School closure, isolation, offering MMR vaccination free of charge to the population younger than 15 years

Freiburg, Germany [25]

2008

60

60

Waldorf school

N/A

Netherlands [29]

2008

36

36

Waldorf school

Vaccination catch up. Very low uptake n = 10; information letter to parents

Gerresheim [25]

2007

4

4

Waldorf school

Vaccination campaign on campus was offered but school declined this

Switzerland [5]

2006–2007

N/A

N/A

The outbreak involved schools, an anthroposophic boarding school and daycare centers

N/A

Cobug [12, 25]

2003

N/A

1191

Waldorf school

N/A

UK [12]

2000

N/A

293

A child visiting an anthroposophic community

Netherlands [12]

1999/2000

100

3292

N/A

N/A