A happy home? Socio-economic inequalities in depressive symptoms and the role of housing quality in nine European countries

Table 4 Additional factors associated with depressive symptoms and inequalities in depressive symptoms

Variable	Negative Binomial Regression		RIF-EI
Variable	Coef.	P > z	Coef.	P > z
Age	0.9990	0.749	-0.00310	0.013
Age²	1.0000	0.217	0.00003	0.019
Male	0.8784	0.000	-0.00134	0.899
Married or civil partnership	0.8285	0.000	0.01917	0.304
Number in household	0.9819	0.000	0.00695	0.009
Children at home	1.0291	0.092	-0.02163	0.041
Years of education	1.0010	0.704	0.00076	0.441
Equivalent income	1.0109	0.613	0.01500	0.586
Financial Strain (ref cat: living comfortably)
Coping on present income	1.1503	0.000	0.05264	0.001
Finding it difficult or very difficult to cope on present income	1.3813	0.000	-0.09364	0.000
Main Activity (ref cat: paid employment)
Education	1.0924	0.000	0.00997	0.557
Welfare (unemployed/disabled)	1.2659	0.000	-0.08531	0.012
Retired	0.9627	0.132	-0.00663	0.558
Other	1.0629	0.021	-0.01303	0.385
Growing up your household experienced:
Severe financial problems	1.0780	0.000	-0.00594	0.373
Serious conflict	1.1684	0.000	-0.01640	0.110
Number of close friends	0.9848	0.000	0.00028	0.752
Below average participation in social activity compared to others	1.2537	0.000	-0.02950	0.069
Victim of burglary or assault in past 5 years	1.0756	0.000	-0.01250	0.247
Area feels safe to walk alone after dark	0.8749	0.000	0.03215	0.066
Trust in people	0.9816	0.000	0.00360	0.024
Constant	4.5864	0.000	-0.16958	0.518
n	15,479		15,479
R²	0.043		0.04440

Source: ESS, 2015. Authors’ estimates
Note: Housing Quality, Country-level fixed effects and the interaction of housing quality and country are suppressed. Negative binomial regression results are presented as incidence rate ratios. RIF-EI = Recentered Influence Function – Erreygers Index

ISSN: 1471-2458