Longitudinal relationship between social media and e-cigarette use among adolescents: the roles of internalizing problems and academic performance

Table 2 Summary of mediation and moderation effects

Mediation pathway	bp	β	SE	95% CI
a path: SMU (Wave 3)→IP (Wave 4)	0.061**	0.041**	0.022	[0.019, 0.104]
b path: IP (Wave 4)→EC (Wave 5)	0.029**	0.058**	0.010	[0.009, 0.048]
ab* path: SMU (Wave 3)→IP (Wave 4)→EC (Wave 5)	0.002*	0.002*	0.001	[0.000, 0.004]
d path: SMU (Wave 3)→EC (Wave 5)	0.052***	0.070***	0.012	[0.027, 0.076]
Moderation pathway
IPxAP (Wave 4)→b path	− 0.088*	− 0.153*	0.038	[-0.162, − 0.015]

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001
bp: percentage coefficients; β: Standardized beta; CI stands for confidence interval. SMU: social media use; IP: internalizing problems; EC: e-cigarette use in last 30 days; AP: academic performance
All model controlling for age, gender, race, household income, self-reported physical health, self-reported mental health, family secondhand smoke exposure in Wave 3; internalizing problems in Wave 3; current e-cigarette use in Wave 3 and Wave 4

ISSN: 1471-2458