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Table 2 Post-hoc pairwise multiple comparisons of change in daily cigarette consumption, subjective cigarette ratings, and risk belief uncertainty using adjusted between and within subject contrasts

From: Effects of cigarette package colors and warning labels on marlboro smokers’ risk beliefs, product appraisals, and smoking behavior: a randomized trial

Smoking  Outcome

Subject Contrast

Warning  Type

Baseline

 

Experimental Pack Color Condition

Usual

Congruent

Incongruent

Plain

Consumption1

Between

Text

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  

Graphic

0.99 (-0.93, 2.90)

0.28 (-1.64, 2.20)

0.57 (-1.35, 2.48)

0.32 (-1.60, 2.24)

 

Within

Text

Ref

3.59 ( 2.85, 4.33)***

3.16 ( 2.41, 3.90)***

3.30 ( 2.56, 4.05)***

  

Graphic

Ref

2.88 ( 2.16, 3.61)***

2.74 ( 2.10, 3.46)***

2.64 ( 1.92, 3.36)***

Harshness1

Between

Text

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  

Graphic

1.13 (-1.85, 4.10)

-1.43 (-4.42, 1.56)

-2.66 (-5.64, 0.32)

-1.36 (-4.35, 1.62)

 

Within

Text

Ref

1.21 (-1.40, 3.82)

1.68 (-0.93, 4.28)

1.80 (-0.81, 4.41)

  

Graphic

Ref

-1.35 (-3.91, 1.22)

-2.11 (-4.65, 0.43)

-0.69 (-3.24, 1.86)

Satisfaction1

Between

Text

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  

Graphic

-0.48 (-4.32, 3.37)

-0.16 (-4.02, 3.70)

-0.12 (-3.97, 3.73)

-0.30 (-4.15, 3.56)

 

Within

Text

Ref

-0.25 (-3.31, 2.77)

-2.19 (-5.24, 0.85)

-1.44 (-4.49, 1.60)

  

Graphic

Ref

0.05 (-2.94, 3.03)

-1.84 (-4.80, 1.13)

-1.27 (-4.24, 1.71)

Sensory experience1

Between

Text

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  

Graphic

1.90 (-4.14, 7.94)

1.52 (-4.35, 7.57)

1.59 (-4.45, 7.64)

-0.10 (-6.15, 5.94)

 

Within

Text

Ref

-0.10 (-3.41, 3.22)

-1.53 (-4.85, 1.79)

-0.41 (-3.73, 2.91)

  

Graphic

Ref

-0.47 (-3.73, 2.78)

-1.83 (-5.06, 1.40)

-2.41 (-5.65, 0.83)

Risk belief

Between

Text

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

composite count2,3

 

Graphic

0.96 (0.70, 1.32)

0.74 (0.54, 0.99)*

0.72 (0.53, 0.97)*

0.77 (0.57, 1.04)

 

Within

Text

Ref

1.70 (1.43, 2.03)***

2.01 (1.70, 2.38)***

2.16 (1.82, 2.55)***

  

Graphic

Ref

1.30 (1.09, 1.55)***

1.51 (1.27, 1.78)***

1.73 (1.46, 2.04)***

  1. All models adjusted for pack color preference, experimental pack color randomization order, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and nicotine dependence. 1From random intercept gaussian conditional mixed-effects models using multivariate t adjusted post-hoc tests with separate models run to examine differences between warning groups and within-subject change from baseline. Data expressed as Odds Ratios (95% CIs).
  2. 2From random intercept Poisson conditional mixed-effects models using multivariate t adjusted post-hoc tests with separate models run to examine differences between warning groups and within-subject change from baseline. Data expressed as Incidence Rate Ratios (95% CIs).
  3. 3Cumulative counts of incorrect or uncertain cigarette risk beliefs
  4. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001