Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis of adherence to option B + ART in SSA
N° | Author | Country | Study design | Year of publication | Year of data collection | Study population (women) | N in analysis | Instrument of adherence measure | Recall time frame (in days) | Study evaluated associated factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Abdisa et al. [16] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2021 | 2019 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 254 | Self -Report | 03 | Yes |
2 | Abebe et al. [40] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2022 | 2018 | pregnant | 368 | Self-Report (Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE) index) | 07 | Yes |
3 | Adeniyi et al. [22] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 2018 | 2016 | pregnant | 1592 | Pharmacy refill + Self-Report | 30 | Yes |
4 | Adeniyi et al. [17] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2018 | Breastfeeding | 485 | Self –Report | 01 | Yes |
5 | Aduloju et al. [19] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2018–2020 | Pregnant | 170 | Pill count + modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) | 30 | Yes |
6 | Aferu et al. [41] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2018 | Pregnant | 103 | Self-Report | 90 | Yes |
7 | Agboeze et al. [20] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 2018 | 2016 | Pregnant | 268 | Self –Report | 03 | Yes |
8 | Alcaide et al. [39] | South Africa | Controlled clinical trial | 2017 | Not reported | Pregnant | 379 | Dry Blood Spot (DBS) | 03 | No |
9 | Aregbesola et al. [65] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 2018 | 2015 | Pregnant | 126 | Self –Report (CASE) | Not reported | Yes |
10 | Asefa et al. [23] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2018 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 180 | Self -Report | 03 | Yes |
11 | Atanga et al. [42] | Cameroon | Cohort | 2018 | 2013–2015 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 185 | Self –Report (questionnaire) + pharmacy refill + Self –Report (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) tool) | 30 | No |
12 | Brittain et al. [43] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 2018 | 2013–2017 | Pregnant | 482 | Self –Report | 30 | Yes |
13 | Calder et al. [44] | Nigeria | Controlled clinical trial | 2020 | 2013–2015 | Pregnant | 210 | Self –Report (VAS tool) | 15 | Yes |
14 | Dada et al. [14] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 2021 | Not reported | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 284 | Self –Report + pill count | 30 | Yes |
15 | Decker et al. [18] | Uganda | Cohort | 2017 | 2013 | Breastfeeding | 42 | Self –Report + pill count | 30 | Yes |
16 | Ebuy et al. [11] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2014 | 2014 | Pregnant | 263 | Self –Report | 03 | Yes |
17 | Erlwanger et al. [45] | Zimbabwe | Controlled clinical trial | 2017 | 2014–2015 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 1113 | Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) | 30 | Yes |
18 | Fedlu et al. [25] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2019 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 190 | Self –Report + pill count | 30 | Yes |
19 | Fernandez-Luiz et al. [46] | Mozambique; south Africa; Mali | Cohort | 2022 | 2018–2020 | Pregnant | 99 | Self –Report | Not reported | No |
20 | Gebretsadik et al. [47] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2017 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 350 | Self –Report | Not reported | Yes |
21 | Haas et al. [48] | Malawi | Cohort | 2016 | 2011–2013 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 765 | Electronic Medical Records System | 90 | No |
22 | Itoua et al. [38] | Republic of Congo | Cross-sectional | 2015 | 2014 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 130 | Not reported | 07 | Yes |
23 | Kadima et al. [26] | Lesotho | Cohort | 2018 | 2016 | Pregnant | 107 | pill count | 03 | Yes |
24 | Larsen et al. [49] | South Africa | Cohort | 2019 | 2012–2014 | breastfeeding | 1572 | Self –Report | 90 | No |
25 | Matthews et al. [67] | South Africa; Uganda | Cohort | 2020 | 2015–2017 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 437 | Real-time Electronic Adherence Monitor | 01 | No |
26 | Mukose et al. [24] | Uganda | Cohort | 2021 | 2013–2016 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 410 | Self –Report (VAS) | 30 | No |
27 | Mukosha et al. [50] | Zambia | Cross-sectional | 2020 | Not reported | Pregnant | 71 | MPR | Not reported | Yes |
28 | Nsubuga-Nyombi et al. [51] | Uganda | Cross-sectional | 2018 | Not reported | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 122 | Self –Report | Not reported | Yes |
29 | Nutor et al. [66] | Zambia | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2016 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 150 | Self-Report | 07 | Yes |
30 | Omonaiye et al. [52] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 2019 | 2018 | Pregnant | 275 | Self –Report (Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Groups (AACTG) standardized survey) | 04 | Yes |
31 | Omonaiye et al. [53] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 2019 | 2018 | Pregnant | 275 | Pharmacy refill | 02 | |
32 | Onono et al. [54] | Kenya | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2017 | breastfeeding | 200 | Self –Report | 30 | No |
33 | Phillips et al. [55] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 2017 | 2013 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 452 | Self –Report | 30 | Yes |
34 | Phillips et al. [56] | South Africa | Controlled clinical trial | 2016 | 2013–2014 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 517 | Self –Report | 30 | No |
35 | Ramlagan et al. [57] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | 2018 | 2014–2015 | Pregnant | 673 | Self –Report (AACTG) | 04 | No |
36 | Ramlagan et al. [58] | South Africa | Controlled clinical trial | 2019 | 2014–2017 | Pregnant | 683 | Self –Report (AACTG) | 04 | Yes |
37 | Schnack et al. [59] | Uganda | Cohort | 2016 | Not reported | Pregnant | 76 | Pill count | 30 | No |
38 | Tarekegn et al. [60] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2019 | 2017 | Pregnant | 293 | Self –Report | 03 | Yes |
39 | Tesfaye et al. [61] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2019 | 2017 | Pregnant | 290 | Self –Report | 03 | Yes |
40 | Tsegaye et al. [62] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2016 | 2016 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 190 | Self –Report + pill count | 30 | Yes |
41 | Wondimu et al [21] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 2020 | 2018 | Pregnant | 347 | Self –Report | Not reported | Yes |
42 | Zacharius et al [63] | Tanzania | Cross-sectional | 2019 | 2017 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 305 | Pill count | 30 | Yes |
43 | Zoungrana-Yameogo et al. [64] | Burkina-Faso | Cross-sectional | 2022 | 2019-2020 | Pregnant and breastfeeding | 112 | Self -Report | 30 | Yes |