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Table 2 Measure citizen trust in the federal government for validation study

From: Development and validation of the Trust in Government measure (TGM)

Existing Items

New items

[The municipality of XXX] is capable. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q1. The federal government can help citizens in need.

Q2. The federal government can protect the health of the population.

[The municipality of XXX] is effective. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q3. The federal government communicates with citizens effectively.

Q4. The federal government makes decisions that help citizens.

[The municipality of XXX] is skillful. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

People in the government often show poor judgement. World Values Survey, 2017–2021

Q5. The federal government shows good judgment.

[The municipality of XXX] is expert. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q6. The federal government has sufficient expertise to lead the country

[The municipality of XXX] carries out its duty very well. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

<Parliament > usually carries out its duties poorly. World Values Survey, 2017–2021

Q7. The federal government carries out its duties very well

[The municipality of XX] acts in the interest of citizens. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q8. The federal government acts in the best interest of citizens.

If citizens need help, [the municipality of XX] will do its best to help them. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q9. If citizens need help, the federal government will do its best to help them.

N/A-Supporting Autonomy. Emerged from qualitative data.

Q10. The federal government makes decisions that support citizen autonomy (independence).

They do everything they should to protect the health of the population. Holroyd et al., 2021

Q11. The federal government does everything they should to protect the population.

[The municipality of XX] is genuinely interested in the well- being of citizens. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q12. The federal government is genuinely interested in the wellbeing of its citizens.

Q13. The federal government puts their political agenda ahead of the wellbeing of the population.

[The municipality of XX] approaches citizens in a sincere way. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q14. The federal government is truthful in communication with citizens.

[The municipality of XX] keeps its commitments. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q15. The federal government delivers on its promises.

[The municipality of XX] is honest. Grimmelikhuijsen and Knies, 2017

Q16. The federal government is honest.

The government’s work is open and transparent. World Values Survey, 2017–2021

Q17. The federal government’s work is open and transparent