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Table 3 Source of ethnicity data classification by timeframe of publication

From: How is ethnicity reported, described, and analysed in health research in the UK? A bibliographical review and focus group discussions with young refugees

Source of classification

1946–2000

2001–2019

2020–2022

Total

Total Number of Papers

3

29

12

44

Self-reported (excluding medical records)

 4 choices

0

2 (6.9%)

0

2 (4.5%)

 7 choices

0

0

1 (8.3%)

1 (2.3%)

 8 choices

0

1 (3.4%)

0

1 (2.3%)

 9 choices (1991 ONS)

0

3 (10.3%)

0

3 (6.8%)

 16 choices (2001 ONS)

0

2 (6.9%)

1 (8.3%)

3 (6.8%)

 18 choices

0

0

2 (16.7%)

2 (4.5%)

 20 choices

0

1 (3.4%)

0

1 (2.3%)

 Did not report

0

6 (20.7%)

0

6 (13.6%)

Interview Rated/Prescribed

 Based on appearance and grandparental origin

0

1 (3.4%)

0

1 (2.3%)

 Based on family origin

0

1 (3.4%)

0

1 (2.3%)

 Based on self-report, place of birth and parental place of birth

0

1 (3.4%)

0

1 (2.3%)

 Based on language spoke at home

0

1 (3.4%)

0

1 (2.3%)

 Based on names

1 (33.3%)

0

0

1 (2.3%)

 Based on Mother's birthplace

1 (33.3%)

0

0

1 (2.3%)

 Did not specify

0

1 (3.4%)

0

1 (2.3%)

 Medical Records (self-reported or prescribed)

0

6 (20.7%)

7 (58.3%)

13 (29.5%)

Other

 Algorithm (based on forename-surname pairs)

0

1 (3.4%)

1 (8.3%)

2 (4.5%)

Did not describe how ethnicity was asked

 

1 (33.3%)

2 (6.9%)

0

3 (6.8%)