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Table 4 Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis of the association of alcohol-related variables, sociodemographic variables, and health-related variables with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) based on Healthy Ireland Survey 2017 data

From: The association between alcohol intake and obesity in a sample of the Irish adult population, a cross-sectional study

Variable

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4*

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

AUDIT-C1 score

 Score < 5

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Score 5 + 

1.49 (1.12, 1.99)

0.007

1.21 (1.05,1.38)

0.009

1.24 (1.04,1.49)

0.018

1.47 (1.10, 1.96)

0.009

Age class (year)

  < 45

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 45 and older

2.43 (1.89, 3.12)

 < 0.001

1.89 (1.65, 2.16)

 < 0.001

1.98 (1.66, 2.37)

 < 0.001

2.52 (1.97, 3.23)

 < 0.001

Sex

 Female

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Male

1.80 (1.42, 2.28)

 < 0.001

1.90 (1.65, 2.19)

 < 0.001

2.07 (1.72, 2.48)

 < 0.001

1.84 (1.46, 2.32)

 < 0.001

Marital status

 Single2

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Married3

1.38 (1.09, 1.74)

0.007

1.26 (1.10, 1.44)

0.001

1.33 (1.12,1.58)

0.001

1.41 (1.13, 1.78)

0.003

Educational status

 Low/medium

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 High

0.88 (0.68, 1.13)

0.308

0.78 (0.67, 0.90)

0.001

0.82 (0.68, 0.97)

0.025

0.93 (0.73,1.18)

0.543

Residency

 Rural

1

 

1

     

 Urban

0.99 (0.78, 1.26)

0.948

0.96 (0.84, 1.10)

0.595

    

Employment status

 Unemployed4

1

 

1

     

 Employed

1.68 (1.20, 2.34)

0.002

1.13 (0.83, 1.56)

0.436

    

Full medical card

 No

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

1.56 (1.09, 2.22)

0.015

1.28 (1.09, 1.51)

0.002

1.30 (1.04, 1.65)

0.029

1.47 (1.04, 2.07)

0.029

Private HI5

 No

1

 

1

     

 Yes

1.27 (0.98, 1.65)

0.069

0.98 (0.85, 1.14)

0.827

    

General health

 Good/very good

1

   

1

 

1

 

 Fair/poor

1.79 (1.04,3.09)

0.037

  

1.51 (1.03, 2.21)

0.034

1.96 (1.16, 3.32)

0.013

Long term illness

 No

1

   

1

   

 Yes

1.22 (0.88, 1.69)

0.230

  

1.07 (0.85, 1.34)

0.583

  

Smoking status

 No

1

   

1

 

1

 

 Yes6

0.85 (0.65, 1.12)

0.854

  

0.81 (0.66, 0.99)

0.045

0.84 (0.65, 1.09)

0.194

Active transportation

 No

1

   

1

 

1

 

 Yes7

0.92 (0.67, 1.26)

0.591

  

0.74 (0.58, 0.93)

0.011

0.90 (0.66, 1.23)

0.491

Fruit consumption

  < 1 time a day

1

   

1

   

  ≥ 1 time a day

0.88 (0.69, 1.12)

0.294

  

0.85 (0.71, 1.03)

0.092

  

Alcohol consumption

  < 3 times a week

1

     

1

 

  ≥ 3 times a week

0.57 (0.42, 0.76)

 < 0.001

    

0.59 (0.44, 0.78)

 < 0.001

Binge drinking8

  < 1 time a week

1

     

1

 

  ≥ 1 time a week

1.15 (0.88,1.50)

0.294

    

1.15 (0.88, 1.50)

0.306

  1. Model 1: Hosmer–Lemeshow test (H.L.) = 0.409; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.125
  2. Model 2: Adjusted for sociodemographic variables; H.L. = 0.0.913; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.-0.082
  3. Model 3: Adjusted for significant sociodemographic variables in Model 2 and health-related variables; H.L. = 0.054; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.107
  4. Model 4: Adjusted significant sociodemographic and health-related variables in Model 3 and alcohol related variables; H.L. = 0.679; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.120
  5. * Fully adjusted model; 1 Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test—Consumption; 2 Includes separated, divorced, widowed; 3 includes civil partnership; 4 includes unemployed looking for a job, retired, and pupil/student; 5 health insurance; 6 includes occasional and daily smoking; 7 transportation by foot or bicycle 8 six or more standard units per occasion; Variables with p values < 0.05 were included in the subsequent model. Reference group OR = 1.00; level of significance p < 0.05
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BMC Public Health

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