Table 2 Characteristics of the study sample by knowledge of male partner’s HIV status (MPHIVs)

TOTAL N

2072

46.0 [43.0, 48.9]

25.3 [22.9, 28.0]

28.7 [26.1, 31.5]

Factor

District

0.0093^*

Periurban_EC

321

40.8 [33.2, 48.8]

20.2 [14.0, 28.2]

39.1 [31.1, 47.6]

Urban_GP

273

54.5 [46.2, 62.5]

25.0 [18.1, 33.4]

20.6 [15.4, 27.0]

Urban_KZN

385

44.3 [34.4, 54.6]

31.2 [23.5, 40.0]

24.6 [19.1, 31.0]

Rural/periurban_MP

355

49.1 [41.2, 57.0]

28.5 [22.0, 36.1]

22.4 [17.3, 28.5]

Rural_LP

399

48.2 [40.0, 56.5]

17.8 [12.1, 25.6]

33.9 [28.8, 39.5]

Rural_NW

339

46.0 [43.0, 49.0]

25.3 [22.9, 28.0]

28.7 [26.1, 31.5]

Postnatal period

0.908

4–14 weeks

921

45.5 [41.4, 49.8]

25.2 [21.6, 29.2]

29.3 [25.3, 33.7]

6–12 months

1151

46.4 [42.3, 50.5]

25.5 [22.4, 28.9]

28.1 [24.9, 31.5]

Maternal HIV status

< 0.0001^*

Negative

1219

71.9 [68.6, 75.0]

01.7 [01.1, 02.7]

26.4 [23.3, 29.7]

Positive

853

21.3 [17.9, 25.1]

47.8 [43.6, 52.0]

30.9 [26.9, 35.3]

Maternal age

< 0.0001^*

35–49 years

357

39.3 [32.9, 46.1]

34.0 [28.1, 40.4]

26.7 [21.1, 33.1]

25–34 years

975

41.6 [37.5, 45.8]

29.2 [25.8, 32.9]

29.2 [25.2, 33.5]

13–24 years

740

56.2 [51.0, 61.3]

15.1 [11.6, 19.5]

28.6 [24.5, 33.2]

Highest education

0.057

High School & higher

1887

45.8 [43.8, 49.8]

25.3 [22.8, 28.0]

27.9 [25.2, 30.8]

Primary or none

181

37.5 [29.1, 46.7]

25.5 [19.2, 33.1]

37.0 [29.0, 45.8]

Marital status

< 0.0001^*

Married/cohabiting

625

53.5 [48.1, 58.8]

29.1 [24.5, 34.2]

17.4 [13.9, 21.6]

Single

1444

42.8 [39.1, 46.6]

23.8 [20.5, 27.3]

33.4 [30.3, 36.7]

Parity

< 0.0001^*

First child

709

55.5 [50.3, 60.5]

17.3 [13.3, 22.1]

27.2 [23.2, 31.7]

2–3 children

1070

40.9 [37.2, 44.7]

28.9 [25.6, 32.5]

30.2 [26.3, 34.3]

4–8 children

288

42.2 [34.6, 50.2]

30.3 [23.6, 38.0]

27.5 [26.2, 31.6]

Unplanned pregnancy

< 0.0001^*

No

986

50.3 [46.4, 54.2]

27.9 [24.3, 31.7]

21.9 [19.0, 25.2]

Yes

1082

42.5 [38.5, 46.6]

23.1 [19.9, 26.6]

34.5 [30.6, 38.6]

Ever breastfed (other = No)

< 0.0001^*

No

382

33.5 [27.5, 40.1]

39.1 [32.1, 46.5]

27.5 [21.6,34.2]

Yes

1690

49.2 [45.9, 52.5]

21.8 [19.3, 24,5]

29.0 [26.2, 32.1]

SES distribution

0,001^*

High

1027

49.9 [45.1, 54.7]

27.1 [22.9, 31.7]

23.0 [19.9, 26.6]

Low

1045

42.3 [38.4, 46.2]

23.7 [20.4, 27.4]

34.0 [30.2, 38.0]

Woman disclosed HIV status to partner

< 0.0001^*

No

235

16.6 [11.8, 22.9]

05.7 [03.0, 10.5]

77.7 [70.9, 83.3]

Yes

1835

49.9 [46.8, 53.1]

28.0 [25.3, 30.9]

22.0 [19.4, 24.9]

Infant testing coverage

< 0.0001^*

No

432

63.9 [57.5, 69.9]

04.6 [02.6, 08.1]

31.4 [25.7, 37.8]

Yes

1512

42.6 [39.3, 46.0]

30.5 [27.5, 33.6]

26.9 [24.1, 30.0]

No answer/Don’t know

128

33.6 [22.4, 47.0]

26.9 [18.4, 37.4]

39.5 [28.5, 51.7]

Factors collected from HIV-positive women only

Total N

853

21.3 [17.8, 25.1]

47.8 [43.6,52.0]

30.9 [26.9,35.3]

Timing of First HIV positive result

0.073

Before most recent pregnancy

556

23.0 [18.8, 27.9]

49.1 [44.3, 53.9]

27.9 [23.5, 32.8]

At ANC first visit or after

297

18.0 [13.2, 24.0]

45.4 [38.4, 52.6]

36.6 [29.6, 44.2]

ART initiation timing

< 0.0001^*

Before most recent pregnancy

490

21.8 [17.8, 26.5]

51.4 [46.3, 56.6]

26.7 [22.1, 32.0]

During recent pregnancy or after delivery

320

20.6 [15.3, 27.2]

42.0 [35.3, 49.0]

37.4 [20.9, 44.4]

No answer/Don’t know

43

69.3 [65.9, 72.5]

04.2 [02.9, 06.0]

26.5 [23.5, 29.7]

Experience challenges with ART adherence

< 0.0001^*

No

473

53.3 [50.0, 56.5]

18.3 [15.8, 21.2]

28.8 [25.6, 31.3]

Yes

380

22.2 [16.9, 28.6]

48.0 [41.3, 54.8]

29.8 [23.4, 37.1]

Experience clinic visit barriers

0.345

No

261

18.5 [13.1, 25.4]

46.6 [39.2, 54.1]

34.9 [27.7, 42.9]

Yes

592

22.5 [18.4, 27.2]

48.4 [43.2, 53.5]

29.1 [24.6, 34.1]