Fig. 3

Associations of trimester of EITC receipt with perinatal outcomes by maternal race/ethnicity. Coefficients represent the effect of EITC receipt in the first, second, or third trimester compared with receipt during the preconception period. Coefficients for binary outcomes were multiplied by 100 and therefore represent a change in percentage points. Values in parentheses represent 95% confidence intervals. Analyses involved multivariable linear regression models with robust standard errors clustered by mother and stratified by maternal race/ethnicity. Covariates included education, insurance, age, age-squared, parity and infant’s sex, and year of birth. †: interaction term with p < 0.10