Frailty as a predictor of mortality: a comparative cohort study of older adults in Costa Rica and the United States

Table 4 Cox proportional Hazard Ratios for interactions between frailty and race, from a model evaluating the association between physical frailty and all-cause mortality. United States (weighted estimates)

	HR^a	95% CI	p-value^b
Non-frail & White (Reference)
Pre-frail & White	1.97	1.52–2.55	< 0.001
Frail & White	4.02	3.04–5.33	< 0.001
Non-frail & Other race/ethnicity	1.65	0.81–3.36	0.162
Pre-frail & Other race/ethnicity	1.56	1.18–2.08	0.003
Frail & Other race/ethnicity	2.70	2.00–3.66	< 0.001

^a Hazard Ratios (HR) estimations are fully adjusted (i.e., adjusted for frailty, age, sex, education level, economic vulnerability, race and ethnicity, interactions between race and frailty, living in a metropolitan zone, marital status, and smoking)
^b p-values are testing the null hypothesis of no interaction effect between race and frailty combinations, on mortality

ISSN: 1471-2458