Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of internal and international migrants in South Africa (2009‒2021) (n = 26,685)
Factors | Migrant Status | All Migrants | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Internal migrant | International migrant | Male sample | Female sample | Total sample | ||||||
Freq. | % | Freq. | % | Freq. | % | Freq. | % | Freq. | % | |
Independent-level factors | 21,879 | 82,0 | 4807 | 18,0 | 13,200 | 49,5 | 13,486 | 50,5 | 26,686 | 100 |
Life satisfaction | ||||||||||
{0} 1‒2: Suffering | 5621 | 25,6 | 1014 | 21,1 | 3261 | 24,7 | 3374 | 25,0 | 6635 | 24,9 |
{1} 3: Struggling | 2790 | 12,8 | 597 | 12,4 | 1683 | 12,8 | 1703 | 12,6 | 3386 | 12,7 |
{2} 4‒5: Thriving | 13,468 | 61,6 | 3196 | 66,5 | 8256 | 62,5 | 8409 | 62,4 | 16,665 | 62,4 |
Gender | ||||||||||
Male | 10,532 | 48,1 | 2668 | 55,5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
Female | 11,347 | 51,9 | 2139 | 44,5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
Age | ||||||||||
18‒27 | 4522 | 20,7 | 1142 | 23,8 | 2722 | 20,6 | 2944 | 21,8 | 5666 | 21,2 |
28‒37 | 6368 | 29,1 | 1833 | 38,1 | 4155 | 31,5 | 4044 | 30,0 | 8199 | 30,7 |
38‒47 | 4812 | 22,0 | 907 | 18,9 | 2904 | 22,0 | 2815 | 20,9 | 5719 | 21,4 |
48+years | 6177 | 28,2 | 925 | 19,2 | 3419 | 25,9 | 3683 | 27,3 | 7102 | 26,6 |
Education | ||||||||||
No education | 598 | 2,7 | 175 | 3,6 | 333 | 2,5 | 440 | 3,3 | 773 | 2,9 |
Primary | 2872 | 13,1 | 802 | 16,7 | 1729 | 13,1 | 1944 | 14,4 | 3673 | 13,8 |
Secondary/Higher | 18,409 | 84,1 | 3830 | 79,7 | 11,138 | 84,4 | 11,102 | 82,3 | 22,240 | 83,3 |
Population Group | ||||||||||
Black African | 19,459 | 88,9 | 4184 | 87.0 | 11,690 | 88,6 | 11,953 | 88,6 | 23,643 | 88,6 |
Non-Black African | 2420 | 11,1 | 623 | 13.0 | 1510 | 11,4 | 1533 | 11,4 | 3043 | 11,4 |
Respondents’ income | ||||||||||
No income | 1417 | 6.5 | 254 | 5,3 | 912 | 6,9 | 759 | 5,6 | 1671 | 6,3 |
Low = R1 – R12,800 | 17,363 | 79.4 | 3795 | 78,9 | 10,133 | 76,8 | 11,024 | 81,8 | 21,157 | 79,3 |
Middle = R12.801 – R25,600 | 1773 | 8.1 | 413 | 8,6 | 1168 | 8,8 | 1018 | 7,5 | 2186 | 8,1 |
High = R25,601+ | 1326 | 6.0 | 345 | 7,2 | 987 | 7,5 | 685 | 5,1 | 1672 | 6,3 |
Employment | ||||||||||
Not working | 13,589 | 62,1 | 2423 | 50,4 | 6694 | 50,7 | 9318 | 69,1 | 16,012 | 60,0 |
Working | 8290 | 37,9 | 2384 | 49,6 | 6506 | 49,3 | 4168 | 30,9 | 10,674 | 40,0 |
Health insurance cover | ||||||||||
No | 18,974 | 86,7 | 4301 | 89,5 | 11,347 | 86,0 | 11,929 | 88,5 | 23,276 | 87,2 |
Yes | 2905 | 13,3 | 506 | 10,5 | 1853 | 14,0 | 1557 | 11,5 | 3410 | 12,8 |
Healthcare services usage | ||||||||||
Public | 7009 | 32,0 | 1633 | 34,0 | 4540 | 34,4 | 4103 | 30,4 | 8643 | 32,4 |
Private | 12,963 | 59,3 | 2748 | 57,2 | 7364 | 55,8 | 8346 | 61,9 | 15,710 | 58,9 |
Both public and private | 1907 | 8,7 | 426 | 8,8 | 1296 | 9,8 | 1037 | 7,7 | 2333 | 8,7 |
Household-level factors | ||||||||||
No. of persons living in H/H | ||||||||||
1 | 4489 | 20,5 | 1268 | 26,4 | 4071 | 30,8 | 1686 | 12,5 | 5757 | 21,6 |
2 | 4422 | 20,2 | 1188 | 24,7 | 2814 | 21,3 | 2798 | 20,7 | 5612 | 21,0 |
3 | 3897 | 17,8 | 962 | 20,0 | 2030 | 15,4 | 2828 | 21,0 | 4858 | 18,2 |
4+ | 9071 | 41,5 | 1389 | 28,9 | 4285 | 32,5 | 6174 | 45,8 | 10,459 | 39,2 |
No. of persons under 18 in H/H | ||||||||||
No under 18 in H/H | 1420 | 6,5 | 422 | 8,8 | 1141 | 8,6 | 698 | 5,2 | 1839 | 6,9 |
1 | 9077 | 41,5 | 2342 | 48,7 | 6965 | 52.7 | 4456 | 33,0 | 11,421 | 42,8 |
2 | 4225 | 19,3 | 906 | 18,8 | 2060 | 15,6 | 3073 | 22,8 | 5133 | 19,2 |
3 | 3789 | 17,3 | 658 | 13,7 | 1698 | 12,9 | 2749 | 20,4 | 4447 | 16,7 |
4 | 2479 | 11,3 | 382 | 8.0 | 1050 | 8,0 | 1810 | 13,4 | 2860 | 10,7 |
5+ | 889 | 4,1 | 97 | 2,0 | 286 | 2,2 | 700 | 5,2 | 986 | 3.7 |
Not enough money to feed children | ||||||||||
No | 13,142 | 60,1 | 2684 | 55,9 | 7198 | 54,5 | 8627 | 64,0 | 15,825 | 59,3 |
Yes | 3043 | 13,9 | 447 | 9,3 | 1217 | 9,2 | 2274 | 16,9 | 3491 | 13,1 |
No children in the household | 5694 | 26,0 | 1676 | 34,9 | 4785 | 36,3 | 2585 | 19.1 | 7370 | 27,6 |
Receiving SASSA social grant | ||||||||||
No | 12,154 | 55,6 | 4226 | 87,9 | 9477 | 71,8 | 6902 | 51,2 | 16,379 | 61,4 |
Yes | 9725 | 44,4 | 581 | 12,1 | 3723 | 28,2 | 6584 | 48,8 | 10,307 | 38,6 |
Community-level factors | ||||||||||
Type of dwelling | ||||||||||
Formal | 16,371 | 74,8 | 3533 | 73,5 | 9719 | 73,6 | 10,185 | 75,5 | 19,904 | 74,6 |
Informal | 5508 | 25,2 | 1273 | 26,5 | 3481 | 26,4 | 3301 | 24,5 | 6782 | 25,4 |
Migrant status | ||||||||||
Internal | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 10,532 | 79,8 | 11,347 | 84,1 | 21,879 | 82,0 |
International | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 2668 | 20,2 | 2139 | 15,9 | 4807 | 18,0 |