Table 1 Detailed explanations of individual-level, household-level and community-level variables categorization

Individual level factors

Age

1 = 18‒27; 2 = 28‒37; 3 = 38‒47; 4 = 48⁺years

Gender

1 = Male; 2 = Female

Education

1 = No education; 2 = Primary; 3 = Secondary/Higher

Population group

1 = Black African; 2 = Non-Black African (Coloured, White, Indian/Asian, others)

Respondent’s income

1 = No income; 2 = Low (R1-R12,800); 3 = Middle (R12,801-R25,600); 4 = High (R25,601⁺)

Employment

1 = Not working; 2 = Working

Health insurance cover

1 = No; 2 = Yes

Healthcare services

1 = Public; 2 = Private; 3 = Both public and private

Life satisfaction

0 = Suffering; 1 = Struggling; 2 = Thriving

Household-level factors

Number of persons living in H/H

1 = 1; 2 = 2; 3 = 3; 4 = 4⁺persons

Number of persons under 18 in H/H

1 = 0; 2 = 1; 3 = 2; 4 = 3; 5 = 4⁺persons

Not enough to feed children

1 = No; 2 = Yes; 3 = No children in H/H

Receiving SASSA Social Grant

1 = No; 2 = Yes

Community-level factors

Type of dwelling

1 = Formal; 2 = Informal

Migrant status

1 = Internal migrants; 2 = International migrants